上海市江宁街道20岁及以上人群干眼的流行病学调查

目的 探讨上海市江宁街道20岁及以上人群干眼的患病率及相关危险因素.方法 横断面研究方法.2008年9月至2009年1月期间,上海交通大学附属第一人民医院在江宁街道单纯随机抽取6个居委会作为调查点,对21102人≥20岁人群整群随机抽样,抽取调查对象1266人.所有受检者均接受干眼症状、体征及眼表疾病指数问卷调查.依据目前公认的国内干眼诊断标准进行诊断,采用t检验、卡方检验、One-Way-ANOVA方差分析法、Logistic回归分析法对数据结果进行统计分析.结果 共计1085人进入本次研究,应答率为85.70%.诊断为干眼的有326例,患病率为30.05%,其中男性患病率为24.11%,女性患病率为33.78%,女性高于男性(χ2=11.46,P<0.01).≥50岁人群干眼的患病率明显升高(χ2=94.50,P<0.01).随年龄增大泪液分泌实验、泪膜破裂时间表现为下降趋势,荧光素染色评分、睑板腺功能障碍的分级卜升.干眼患者的眼表疾病指数评分均高于无干眼者.与干眼相关的因素有性别、年龄、配戴角膜接触镜、长期滴用眼液及服用抗过敏药物.结论 在人群中,女性干眼患病率高于男性,随年龄增大干眼的患病率升高,其相关因素有性别、年龄、配戴角膜接触镜、长期滴用眼液及服用抗过敏药物.

Epidemiologic study of dry eye in populations equal or over 20 years old in Jiangning District of Shanghai

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dry eye in populations equal or over 20 years old in Jiangning District, Shanghai, China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. From September 2008 to January 2009, 6 small districts including 21 102 people of Jiangning District were randomly selected as survey venues by Department of Ophthalmology in First People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University. Then, 1266 people as the selected residents were enrolled, which was figured out through the random cluster sampling procedure. Every participant completed dry eye questionnaire, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and a series of examination including slit-lamp microscope, tear-film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test, and fluorescein staining of the cornea (F1). The diagnosis of dry eye was referred to the well-accepted domestic diagnostic criteria. The SPSS11.0 software was used to analyze the database, t test,χ2 test, one-way-ANOVA and Logistic regression were used for analysis. Results One thousand and eighty five residents finally took part in this study, and the inclusion ratio was 85.70%. Three hundred and twenty six individuals, including 101 men and 225 women, were diagnosed as dry eye, and the prevalence rate was 30.05%. The prevalence of dry eye in the female (33.78%) was higher than that of the male (24.11%) (χ2=11.46, P<0.01). The prevalence of dry eye in people over 50 years old was higher than that under 50 years (χ2=94.50, P<0.01). The figure of Schirmer Ⅰ test and BUT decreased in elder people, at the same time the scores of F1 and MGD increased. Meanwhile, the score of OSDI in dry eye patients was significantly higher than that in non-dry eye individuals. The relative risk factors of dry eye were gender, age, wearing contact lens, long-time using of eye solutions, taking anti-allergy drugs. Conclusions The prevalence of dry eye in female is higher than that in the male. And the prevalence of dry eye increases following the aging process. Relative risk factors of dry eye are gender, age, wearing contact lens, long-time using of eye solutions, taking anti-allergy drugs.