大学生心理危机筛查及应激应对因素预测模型

目的探讨大学生心理危机的多元筛查方法，并建立应激诱发心理危机和应对缓解心理危机的预测模型。方法采用“学生生活应激调查”（SLSI）、“抑郁发作诊断指标”（DEP）和“危机应对方式”（WCW）检测大学生13154例，对样本作多元层次筛查和Logistic回归分析。结果经4层次筛查检出具有“高生活应激、严重障碍、抑郁发作和自杀倾向”核心因素的大学生心理危机38例（0．3％），并筛出无此4项核心因素的1835例（14．0％）为对照组；大学生生活应激源（挫折、压力、变化）和应激反应（生理反应、行为反应）是诱发心理危机的危险因素（P〈0．05）；危机应对积极方式（处理问题、控制情绪）是缓解心理危机的保护因素（P〈0．01），应对消极方式（期望、逃避）则是处理心理危机的危险因素（P〈0．01）。结论心理危机4项核心因素是多元筛查的主要鉴别依据；大学生生活应激或应对方式对心理危机具有诱发或缓解效应；本预测模型为大学生心理危机的多元检测筛查和预测干预提供了研究参数。

Undergraduates' psychological crisis screening and prediction model of stress-response factors

Objective To explore manifold methods of screening undergraduates＇ psychological crisis, and establish a model for predicting and alleviating stress--caused mental illnesses. Methods SLSI, DEP and WCW were applied to survey 13154 undergraduate students. The samples were analyzed by manifold screening and Logistic regressive analysis. Results Four layers of screening indicated that 38 （0.3%） undergraduates had ＂high stress, severe disorder, depression paroxysm and suicidal inclina- tion＂. There are 1835 （14.0%） counterparts who were not affected by the four factors. The origin of stress （frustration, pressure, changes） and stress responses （physiological reaction, behavioral reaction） were the dangerous factors to induce psychological crisis （P 〈 0.05）. The positive responses （problemsolving, emotion--controling） were the protective factors to assuage psychological crisis （P 〈 0.01） ; the negative responses （anticipation, escape） were the dangerous factors to tackle psychological crisis （P 〈0.01）. Conclusions Manifold screening is primarily based on the four essential factors that cause psychological crisis. Undergraduates＇ everyday stress and stress response methods can induce or alleviate psychological crisis. This model provides research parameter for screening and predicting undergraduates＇ psychological crisis.