膝周围恶性肿瘤的保肢手术治疗

目的为膝周围恶性肿瘤保留肢体寻求更好的治疗方法和较理想的效果。方法1989年1月～2001年12月对42例膝周围恶性肿瘤行保肢手术治疗，37例获随访。其中男19例，女18例。年龄12～46岁。经病理检查证实为骨肉瘤11例，滑膜肉瘤4例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例，骨巨细胞瘤19例。除骨巨细胞瘤外，余18例术前均行1～2个疗程的新辅助化疗。行假体置换术、异体骨块移植术、骨水泥阿霉素充填术等，术后辅以化疗。术后参照Enneking肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评估标准进行评价。结果37例获随访3～11年，平均5．6年。2例分别于术后3、4年肿瘤复发远处转移死亡；1例因肿瘤局部复发而行截肢术；1例因术前放疗，保肢术后伤口发生坏死并感染而行截肢术；2例对异体大块骨移植产生排斥反应致伤口窦道形成而行截肢手术。31例伤口愈合良好，按Enneking肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评估标准进行评定，优7例，良14例，中10例，差6例。结论膝周围恶性肿瘤的早期诊断、手术适应证的掌握、手术方法的选择以及手术前后的化疗或放疗是达到理想疗效的关键。

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF LIMB SALVAGE FOR OSTEOGENIC MALIGNANT TUMORS AROUND KNEES

Objective To probe a satisfactory surgical management of the limb salvage for osteogenic malignant tumors around the knees. Methods From January 1989 to December 2001, 42 patients (19 males and 18 females, aged 12-46) with osteogenic malignant tumors around the knees underwent surgical management of the limb salvage, including prosthesis replacement, allogenous bone grafting, and bone cement with adriamycin filled. Based on the pathological examination, osteosarcoma was found in 11 patients, synoviosarcoma in 4 patients, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 3 patients, and giant cell tumor of the bone in 19 patients. All the patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 1-2 courses before operation except the patients with giant cell tumor of the bone. The patients underwent prosthesis replacement, allogenous bone grafting, bone cement with adriamycin filled, and postoperative chemotherapy. By the Enneking evaluating system, the patients were assessed on their reconstructed limb functions after the reconstructive operation for the musculoskeleta malignant tumors. Of the patients, 37 were followed up after operation. Results According to the follow-up for 3-11 years (mean, 5.6 years) in the 37 patients, 2 patients had recurrence and metastasis of the tumor, and died 3 and 4 years after operation, respectively. One patient underwent amputation of the limb for local recurrence of the tumor. One patient had amputation of the limb for the preoperative radiotherapy and the infection and necrosis of the operative wound after the limb-salvage surgery. Two patients had amputation of the limb for the rejection of the allogenous bone graft and the formation of the fistula.Thirty-one patients had good wound healing and good functions of the limb. The results were evaluated by the Enneking evaluating system as follows: excellent in 7 patients, good in 14, fair in 10, and poor in 6. Conclusion Making an early diagnosis, recognizing the operative indication, choosing the operative method, and performing the preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are the keys to achieving an ideal limb-salvage surgery for osteogenic malignant tumors around the knees.