福建畲族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变型

目的研究福建畲族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）基因突变型特点，调查其G6PD缺乏症发生率及基因频率。方法用硝基四氮唑蓝（NBT）纸片法进行G6PD缺乏症定性筛查，用突变特异性扩增系统、错配碱基PCR介导酶切位点／限制性内切酶图谱分析、聚合酶链反应．单链构象多态性分析（PCR-SSCP）和DNA测序进行基因突变型鉴定结果在1820名青水畲族和764名穆云畲族人中，分别发现101例和104例酶活性异常，两地的致病基因频率分别为0．0607和0．1706。在穆云乡54例纯畲族血缘的样本中，共检出nt1376G→T突变38例、nt1388G→A突变12例、nt95A→G突变6例，三种基因突变型分别占70．3％，18．5％和11．1％；并发现1例nt1376G→T复合nt95A→G突变、1例nt1376G→T复合nt1388G→A突变。在青水畲族中发现6例nt1024C→T突变，占8．6％；发现1例392G→T突变，结论①nt1376G→T、nt1388G→A是幅建畲族中主要的基因突变型，中华民族具有共同的G6PD基因突变型，因而可能源于共同的祖先。②在畲族人群中发现nt1376G→T、nt1388G→A、nt95A→G、nt1024C→T和nt392G→T 5种基因突变型。③发现nt1376G→T复合nt95A→G突变、nt1376G→T复合nt1388G→A突变④nt95A→G是穆云畲族中另一种常见的基因突变型；1024C→T是青水畲族中常见的一种G6PD基因突变型。⑤明确青水畲族中G6PD基因频率为0．0607，穆云畲族中为0．1706，为上述地区G6PD缺乏症的防治提供决策参考。

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene mutations in She Nationality, Fujian province

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genotypes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene mutations, and investigate the incidence of G6PD deficiency and gene frequency in She Nationality (SN) in Fujian province. METHODS: G6PD deficiency was screened by NBT method, G6PD mutations identified by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), mismatch-PCR with a restriction endonuclease, PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Among 1820 Qingshui SN and 764 Muyun SN, 101 and 104 samples were found to be abnormal, and the G6PD gene frequency accounted for 0.0607 and 0.1706 respectively. Among 54 pure ethnic descent SN samples in Muyun SN, 38 were identified as 1376G-->T, 10 as 1388G --> A and 6 as 95A-->G. The frequencies were 70.3%, 18.5% and 11.1% respectively. One case with both 1388G-->A and 95A-->G and another case with both 1376G-->T and 1388G-->A. Six 1024C-->T and one 392G -->T in Qingshui SN were identified. CONCLUSIONS: (1)G6PD nt1376G-->T and G6PD nt1388G-->A are two main variants in Muyun SN. Chinese ethnic groups share the similar G6PD gene variants, suggesting originated from the same ancestor. (2) 5 variants are found in SN: G6PD nt1376G-->T, nt1388G-->A, nt95A-->G, nt1024C-->T and nt392G-->T. (3) One with both nt1376G-->T and nt95A-->G mutations, another with both nt1376G-->T and nt1388G-->A mutations were found in SN. (4) nt95A-->G is another common G6PD gene variant in Muyun SN; nt1024C-->T is a common G6PD gene variant in Qingshui SN. (5)The gene frequency of G6PD in Qingshui SN is 0.0607, and is 0. 1706 in Muyun SN, these would facilitate the policy decision of C6PD deficiency prevention and treatment in these areas.