240名学龄前儿童饮食行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生情况,分析其相关家庭因素,为预防和干预措施的制定提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2018年1月—2019年7月在空军军医大学第二附属医院儿童保健中心进行健康体检的240名学龄前儿童为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问题诊断及管理评估问卷、学龄前儿童家庭养育环境量表、儿童喂养问卷对其进行调查。采用二分类Logistic回归分析探讨学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的影响因素。结果 本组学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率为64.6%;二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示：平均每日活动时间>1 h（OR=0.915,P=0.016）、高活动多样性/游戏参与评分（OR=0.966,P=0.006）、高环境气氛评分（OR=0.941,P=0.013）是学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的保护因素;照护者为（外）祖父母（OR=1.122,P<0.001）、高限制饮食评分（OR=3.787,P=0.046）、高逼迫进食评分（OR=2.615,P=0.029）、高忽视/干预/惩罚评分（OR=12.912,P=0.001）,是学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的危险因素。结论 学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生率较高,平均每日活动时间>1 h、儿童照护者为父母、低限制饮食评分、低逼迫进食评分、低忽视/干预/惩罚评分、高活动多样性/游戏参与评分、高环境气氛评分的学龄前儿童更不容易发生饮食行为问题。照护者应遵循生长发育规律,培养儿童科学健康的饮食行为习惯,充分发挥儿童自身对饱腹感和饥饿感的感知和调控能力,多鼓励儿童进行户外活动,同时营造轻松愉悦的家庭氛围,减少饮食行为问题的发生。

Current Status of Dietary Behavior of Preschool Children and Its Influence Factors: A 240-case Study

Objective To investigate the occurrence of dietary behavior problems in preschool children, analyze related family factors, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 240 preschool children having physical examination at the Children's Health Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University from January 2018 to July 2019. They were investigated by the general information questionnaire, Children's Eating Behavior Problem Diagnosis and Management Assessment Questionnaire, Child Feeding Questionnaire, and Preschool Children's Family Parenting Environment Scale. Two-category logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors. Results The prevalence of eating behavior problems in preschool children was 64.6%. Two-category Logistic regression analysis results showed that average daily activity time was >1 h (OR=0.915, P=0.016), high activity diversity / game participation score (OR=0.966, P=0.006), and high environmental atmosphere score (OR= 0.941, P=0.013) were protective factors for preschool children's eating behavior problems. Grandparents as caregivers (OR=1.122, P<0.001), high restricted diet score (OR=3.787, P=0.046), high forced eating score (OR=2.615, P=0.029) and high neglect / intervention / penalty score (OR=12.912, P=0.001) were risk factors for eating behavior problems in preschool children. Conclusion The prevalence of eating behavior problems in preschool children is relatively high. Preschoolers with average daily activity time of >1 h, parents as caregivers, low restricted diet score, low forced eating score, low neglect / intervention / penalty score, high activity diversity / game participation score, high environmental atmosphere score are less prone to eating behavior problems. Caregivers should follow the rules of growth and development, cultivate children's scientific and healthy eating habits, give full play to children's ability to sense and regulate satiety and hunger, encourage children to engage in outdoor activities, and create a relaxed and happy family atmosphere, reduce the occurrence of eating behavior problems.