陕西省农村中、小学生忽视现状

目的：了解陕西省农村中、小学生的忽视状况。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，于2011年11月在陕西省随机抽取4个县不同学校不同年级的3084人，其中小学1～3年级664人，4～6年级685人，初中831人，高中904人。分别给予“中国农村6～11岁小学生忽视评价常模”和“中国农村12～17岁中学生忽视评价常模”进行问卷调查，并对不同年龄、性别、忽视层面（身体、情感、安全、教育、医疗、社会忽视6个层面）的忽视度与忽视率等进行统计学分析。结果忽视发生率呈现随年龄增加而增高的趋势（χ2＝14．371，P＜0．05）；男生的忽视度和忽视率均高于女生（χ2＝6．098，P＜0．05）；身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗方面的忽视率，各年级组学生比较，差异均具有统计学意义（χ2值分别为23．649、39．645、41．632、55．504和16．394，均P＜0．05）；留守学生的忽视度及忽视率高于非留守学生，具有显著性差异（χ2＝16．356，P＜0．001）。结论陕西省农村中、小学生忽视状况严重，有待于进一步探讨其影响因素，从而采取有效干预措施。

Current status of neglect of students in primary school and middle school in rural areas of Shaanxi Province

Objective To investigate the current status of neglect condition of students in primary school and middle school in rural areas of Shaanxi Province.Methods Cluster random sampling was used to select 3 084 students in different schools from 4 counties in Shaanxi Province in December 2011, including 664 pupils in grade 1-3, 685 pupils in grade 4-6, 831 students at junior middle school and 904 students at senior middle school.They were investigated with Neglect Evaluation Norm for Rural Primary School Students Aged 6-11 in China and Neglect Evaluation Norm for Rural Middle School Students Aged 12-17 in China, and the neglect degree and neglect rate in different age, gender and neglect aspect （ including body, motion, safety, education, medication and society） were analyzed.Results The incidence of neglect increased with age increasing （χ2 =14.371, P〈0.05）, and the neglect degree and rate of boys were higher than girls （χ2 =6.098,P〈0.05）.There were statistical differences in body, motion, education, safety and medication among students in different grades （χ2 value was 23.649, 39.645, 41.632, 55.504 and 16.394, respectively, all P〈0.05）.Left-behind students had higher neglect degree and rate than non-left-behind students, and the differences were significant （χ2 =16.356, P〈0.001）.Conclusion In rural areas of Shaanxi Province, the neglect situation of students is serious, and the influencing factors need to be further explored so that effective interventions can be taken.