新生儿窒息发生率及危险因素分析

目的了解新生儿窒息的发生率及其危险因素。方法对2012年1至12月在义乌市妇幼保健院产科分娩的6592例活产儿病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果6592例新生儿中，发生窒息187例（窒息组），发生率为2．84％，未发生窒息6405例（无窒息组）。母亲小学以下文化程度、胎龄〈37周、妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早剥、羊水污染、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿出生体重〈2500g均为新生儿窒息的独立危险因素（OR值分别为2．567、3．132、7．359、6．418、1．838、5．814、5．146，均P〈0．05）。结论母亲小学以下文化程度、早产、妊娠期糖尿病、胎盘早剥、羊水污染、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿出生体重〈2500g均是新生儿窒息的主要危险因素，临床应重视并针对危险因素加以预防。

Incidence rate and risk factors of neonatal asphyxia

Objective To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors of neonatal asphyxia. Methods Retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 6 592 cases of live births delivered in the pediatrics department of Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Yiwu during the period of January to December in 2012. Results Among 6 592 cases of neonates, 187 cases had asphyxia, and the incidence rate was 2.84%. Mother with primary school education or below, gestational age 〈 37 weeks, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, meconium, fetal distress and birth weight 〈2 500g were separate risk factors （OR value was 2. 567, 3. 132, 7. 359, 6.418, 1. 838, 5. 814 and 5. 146, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Mother with primary school education or below, premature birth, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, meconium, fetal distress and birth weight 〈2 500g are major risk factors of neonatal asphyxia. Special attention should be paid to them and prevention on risk factors.