The changing “epidemiology” of pediatric head injury and its impact on the daily clinical practice |
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Authors: | Raj Kumar Ashok Kumar Mahapatra |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India |
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Abstract: | Aim This article focuses on the developments that occurred during the last two decades in the management of pediatric head injury.
It describes the changes in incidence, various advancements in diagnosis, management, prognosis, prevention and strategies
required for better outcome, and control of head injury.
Materials and methods Thorough evaluation of various papers, research, and our experience revealed that in developed countries, there has been a
decreasing trend in head trauma incidence and trauma-related deaths as compared to developing countries.
Results This is mainly attributed to the widespread implementation of preventive measures. The development in imaging facilities,
better characterization and grading of severe trauma (see, for example, diffuse axonal injury), an advanced understanding
of the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury, endocrinological disturbances, predictive factors of outcome, development
in neurophysiological monitoring, management advances in critical care units, implementation of safely measures, etc. have
brought a significant change in overall outcome and profile of pediatric head injury
Conclusion The further developments in field of brain plasticity, stem cell, rehabilitation, evolution of new drugs, preventive community
measures, and global policies to deal with head trauma are expected to play a major role in days to come. The development
of future pediatric trauma centers based on current evolutions (in order to achieve a good outcome), global and emphatic preventions
of trauma will be required to establish equilibrium between developed and developing countries. |
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Keywords: | Head injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Outcome of head injury Prevention from TBI |
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