氮、磷和钾肥对灯盏花生长和有效成分积累的影响

目的 探讨 N、P 和 K 肥在植物生物量和黄酮类次生代谢产物积累中的影响作用，揭示药用植物生物量积累与次生代谢有效成分积累的关系，为建立合理的施用技术提供理论基础。方法 以尿素、磷酸和氯化钾3种N、P 和 K 肥按正交设计组成3因素3水平的9个处理组合。用盆栽法比较灯盏花开花植株的生物量、总咖啡酸酯和灯盏乙素的量。结果 生物量适宜高 N、P 和 K 施肥量组合，有效成分量则偏向低施肥量组合。3肥素中，N 作用最强，对生物量积累具有显著的促进作用，对有效成分积累有显著的抑制作用，对有效成分产量的作用不显著。P 对有效成分量的作用高于 K，但对生物量的影响低于 K。K 对有效成分产量的作用最大。结论 N、P 和 K 施肥提高灯盏花药材生物产量时将会导致黄酮等次生代谢有效成分量下降，但可提高其产量。

Effects of N, P, and K fertilizers on growth of Erigeron breviscapus and its active constituents accumulation

Objective To study the effects of N, P, and K fertilizers on the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites, to reveal the accumulation relationship between the biomass and the secondary metabolites in medicinal plants in the plantation, and to establish the basic theory of fertilization in medicinal plant culture. Methods Orthogonal design was used to study the effects of nine combinations of N, P, and K on the biomass and active constituents in three levels of three factors. While plants flowered, they were harvested, weighed, and smashed. Then contents of N, total caffee esters, and scutellarin were anaylzed. Results High amount of N, P, and K fertilizers was optimum to the accumulation of biomass, but low amount of N, P, and K fertilizers was optimum to the accumulation of total caffee esters and scutellarin. The N fertilizer significantly increased the biomass and decreased the content of total caffee esters and scutellarin in [WTBX]Erigeron breviscapus[WTBZ], but did not affect the active constituents yield. The effect of P on the accumulation of active constituents was higher than that of K, but its effect on the biomass accumulation was lower than that of K. The effect of K on the active constituents yield was the highest.Conclusion N, P, and K fertilizers could increase biomass and active constituents yield, nevertheless, decrease the contents of flavonoids in medicinal plants.