A role for glycoprotein C in pseudorabies virus entry that is independent of virus attachment to heparan sulfate and which involves the actin cytoskeleton |
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Authors: | Rue Cary A Ryan Patrick |
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Affiliation: | Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. |
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Abstract: | Glycoprotein C (gC) of pseudorabies virus, a swine herpesvirus, initiates virus attachment by binding to heparan sulfate (HS) linked to proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the cell surface. This interaction facilitates a required step in virus entry, the binding to a non-HS coreceptor, likely by another viral glycoprotein, gD. We demonstrate that gC has an even more direct role in virus entry than simply promoting adhesion strengthening. A porcine cell line expressing gC trans-complemented the penetration, but not attachment, defect of gC null mutants. In addition, gC promoted the colocalization of cell surface HSPGs and the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting a role for filamentous actin in virus entry. This was supported by results showing that both the engagement of a non-HS coreceptor and entry events subsequent to coreceptor binding were impaired if cells were first treated with an actin depolymerizing agent, cytochalasin D. Our results suggest a model in which gC-HS interactions promote not only virus attachment but also virus entry by usurping the normal properties of HSPGs. |
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Keywords: | Pseudorabies virus Herpesvirus Glycoprotein C Heparan sulfate Proteoglycan Virus entry Actin Cytochalasin D |
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