医学高校国家重点学科建设的历史、现状分析及思考

国家重点学科建设对医学高校的建设和发展及医疗卫生事业的发展意义重大,本文通过分析我国三次高校国家重点学科名单资料,纵向比较分析了我国医学高校重点学科发展的历史,并由此归纳出重点学科建设取得的成就,包括重点学科总体数量迅猛发展、国家重点学科的制度化建设日趋完善、所培养博士人数连年上升、造就了一批有国际影响力的学术带头人等。通过横向比较,发现了目前重点学科呈峰状不均匀分布,指出其有可能带来恶性循环的不利影响,进一步分析非重点学科所面临困境及应对策略,进而对我国今后的国家重点学科评审提出了一些建设性对策,如对发展成熟的学科建立退出机制;注重地区平衡,在边远地区设立特色重点学科;进一步完善重点学科评估体系,尝试有第三方评审机制;建立学科经费多元投入机制等。

History, Current Situation and Thinking about State Key Disciplines of Medical Colleges

The construction of state key disciplines has a great importance not only for the development of a medical university but also for the medical health.This paper collected the relative data of the national key disciplines assessed for three times in the past twenty years,and reviewed the history of state key disciplines in medical colleges through longitudinal analysis.The great achievements had been made,such as rapid increase of the total number of key disciplines,gradually maturation of the constructive system for the key disciplines,risen number of PhD candidates,a number of excellent academic leaders who had influence in domestic and overseas.Unexpectedly,the medical key disciplines distributed like peak shape when the data were analyzed through horizontal view,and this may induce vicious cycle for the development of national medicine.Some suggestions were proposed for the non-state key disciplines as they had to face great troubles especially the development funds.At last some constructive suggestions,such as the withdraw of the mature disciplines,the balance among different regional areas,further improvement of the assessment system and the establishment of multi-way input system,were put forward for the assessment of national key disciplines in future.