青少年多领域冒险行为问卷和风险感知问卷的编制及应用

目的 根据冒险的领域特殊性理论编制含有多个领域的青少年冒险行为问卷和风险感知问卷,为全面地评估青少年冒险行为和风险感知提供工具.方法 以银川市426名中学生为问卷的初测试对象,回收有效问卷422份,再以宁夏和安徽省(区)2402名中学生为正式测试对象进行青少年冒险行为问卷和风险感知问卷的测试.结果 探索性因素分析显示两问卷都包括社会、娱乐、安全、道德四个领域,33个项目,贡献率分别是41.25%和45.5%,分半信度分别是0.848和0.890,内部一致性信度分别是0.900和0.938.验证性因素分析各项拟合指数分别为:x2/df=8.36和6.73,RMSEA=0.066和0.054,NFI=0.97和0.97,CFI=0.97和0.97.青少年冒险行为和风险感知存在性别差异,F(1,2288)=56.256,P<0.001,F(1,2288)=10.766,P=0.05;冒险行为随年龄逐步增多,F(2,2288)=140.067,P<0.001,而风险感知则逐渐减小,F(2,2288)=54.900,P<0.001.青少年在社会领域的冒险最为突出,随后依次是娱乐、道德、安全领域.结论 青少年多领域冒险行为问卷和风险感知问卷信、效度良好,可以作为考查青少年冒险行为和风险感知的工具.

Abstract：

Objective According to the Domain Specific Theory (DST) in risk-taking, this study intended to construct adolescent risk-taking behavior questionnaire and risk perception questionnaire inferred many domains for studying the adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception. Methods With 422 middle school students in Yinchuan as subjects to develop the questionnaire. 2402 middle school students in Ningxia and Anhui were surveyed using the questionnaire. Results Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that both of the questionnaires contain four domains named society, recreation, safe and moral, and 33 items, which could explain 41.25% and 45.5% of the total variance respectively. The split-half reliability were 0.848, 0.890 and the coefficient of internal consistency were 0.900 and 0.938. The fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were as follows: x2/df=8.36 and 6.73, RMSEA=0.066 and 0.054, NFI=0.97 and 0.97, CFI=0.97 and 0.97 separately. Gender difference in adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception were noticed, with F(1, 2288) =56.256, P<0.001 ,F(1, 2288) =10.766, P=0.05. The adolescent risk-taking behaviors increased with age, F(2, 2288) =140.067, P<0.001, while the risk perception decreased with age, F{2,2288) =54.900,P<0.001. Adolescent on the highest score was in the social risk, followed by recreation, morality and safety. Conclusion Our results showed the newly developed scales were reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure the adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception.

Construction and Application of both Adolescent Multi-domain Risk Behavior Questionnaire and Risk Perception Questionnaire

Objective According to the Domain Specific Theory (DST) in risk-taking, this study intended to construct adolescent risk-taking behavior questionnaire and risk perception questionnaire inferred many domains for studying the adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception. Methods With 422 middle school students in Yinchuan as subjects to develop the questionnaire. 2402 middle school students in Ningxia and Anhui were surveyed using the questionnaire. Results Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that both of the questionnaires contain four domains named society, recreation, safe and moral, and 33 items, which could explain 41.25% and 45.5% of the total variance respectively. The split-half reliability were 0.848, 0.890 and the coefficient of internal consistency were 0.900 and 0.938. The fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were as follows: x2/df=8.36 and 6.73, RMSEA=0.066 and 0.054, NFI=0.97 and 0.97, CFI=0.97 and 0.97 separately. Gender difference in adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception were noticed, with F(1, 2288) =56.256, P<0.001 ,F(1, 2288) =10.766, P=0.05. The adolescent risk-taking behaviors increased with age, F(2, 2288) =140.067, P<0.001, while the risk perception decreased with age, F{2,2288) =54.900,P<0.001. Adolescent on the highest score was in the social risk, followed by recreation, morality and safety. Conclusion Our results showed the newly developed scales were reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure the adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception.