阿维菌素对几种淡水水生动物的急性毒性作用

目的 探讨阿维菌素对几种水生动物的急性毒性作用,为制订阿维菌素对淡水水生动物安全浓度的阈值提供参考依据.方法 采用换液法对蚤状潘、异育银鲫鱼种(鱼苗)、食蚊鱼、鲢鱼苗、青虾、幼蟹、圆田螺进行急性毒性实验,蚤状溞染毒48 h,其余水生动物染毒96 h.将每种实验动物495尾(只)随机分为11个组,分别为9个浓度组、1个空白对照组和1个乙醇(助溶剂)组,每组15尾(只)实验动物.平行3次.观察并记录动物死亡数,并计算24、48、72和96h的半数致死浓度(median-lethal concentration,LC_(50))和安全浓度(safety concentration,SC).结果 实验期间,蚤状溞、异育银鲫鱼种(鱼苗)、食蚊鱼、鲢鱼苗、青虾、幼蟹、圆田螺的死亡率均随处理时间的延长和阿维菌素浓度的增大而升高.阿维菌素对蚤状溞48 h的LC_(50)和安全浓度分别为0.000 37和0.000 037 mg/L,对异育银鲫鱼苗和鱼种、食蚊鱼、鲢鱼苗、青虾、幼蟹、圆田螺96 h的LC_(50)分别为0.018、0.06、0.08、0.02、0.52、0.25、0.57 mg,L,安全浓度分别为0.001 8、0.006、0.008、0.002、0.052、0.025、0.057 mg/L.阿维菌素对7种淡水水生动物的毒性依次为:蚤状溞＞异育银鲫鱼苗＞鲢鱼苗＞异育银鲫鱼种＞食蚊鱼＞幼蟹＞青虾＞圆田螺.结论 阿维菌素对水生动物具有较强的毒性.

Acute Toxic Effect of Abamectin on Fresh-water Aquatic Animals

Objective To discuss the acute toxicity of abamectin to several aquatic animals, it can provide reference for formulating safety concentration value of abamectin on fresh-water aquatic animals. Methods The method of changing solution was used for Cladocera Crustacea with 48 h,and Allogynogenetic crucian carp fingerling (fry),Gambusia affinis,Hypophthal michthys molitrix fry,Macrobrachium nipponense ,Eriocheir sinensis, Cipangopaludina chincasis with 96 h in this experiment. For the experimental animals, every kind of animal was randomly divided into 11 groups(495 animals in each), including nine treatment groups, one control group and one ethanol (hydrotropy agent) group (15 animals in each). The clinic symptoms were observed and mortalities were recorded;median-lethal concentration with 24,48,72,96 h and safety concentration were calculated. Results During the experiment,the mortalities of all animals increased with increase of time and concentration of abamectin. As for Cladocera Crustacea,48 h LC_(50), and safety concentration were 0.000 37 and 0.000 037 mg/L,for Allogynogenetic crucian carp fry, Allogynogenetic crucian carp fingerling,Gambusia affinis,Hypophthal michthys molitrix fry,Macrobrachium nipponense, Eriocheir sinensis,Cipangopaludina chincasis,the values of 96 h LC_(50) were 0.018,0.06,0.08,0.02,0.52,0.25,0.57 mg/L and safety concentrations were 0.001 8,0.006,0.008, 0.002,0.052,0.025,0.057 mg/L,respectively. The results showed that the toxicity of abamectin to seven fresh-water aquatic animals ranked as Cladocera Crustacea,Allogynogenetic crucian carp fry,Hypophthal michthys molitrix fry, Allogynogenetic crucian carp fingerling,Gambusia affinis, Eriocheir sinensis,Macrobrachium nipponense, Cipangopaludina chincasis. Conclusion Abamectin has higher toxicity to fresh-water aquatic animals.