78例传染性非典型肺炎病例临床分析

目的　分析传染性非典型肺炎 (世界卫生组织又称严重急性呼吸综合征 ,SARS)患者的临床特点 ,并对其诊断标准和治疗方法进行探讨。方法　对广州呼吸疾病研究所 2 0 0 2年 12月 2 2日至 2 0 0 3年 3月 31日收治的 78例SARS患者的临床、实验室、影像学资料进行回顾性分析。结果78例SARS患者 :男 4 2例 ,女 36例 ;年龄 2 0～ 75岁 ,平均 (37 5± 11 6 )岁 ;医务人员 4 4例 (5 6 % )。临床症状包括 :发热 (10 0 % )、咽痛 (17% )、咳嗽 (88% )、气促 (80 % )、畏寒 (5 9% )、肌肉酸痛 (41% )。血常规 :白细胞 (WBC) <4 0× 10 9/L 12例 (15 % ) ,WBC(4 0～ 10 0 )× 10 9/L 4 9例 (6 3% ) ,WBC >10 0× 10 9/L 17例 (2 2 % ) ,平均为 (7 6± 5 0 )× 10 9/L ;中性粒细胞为 0 75± 0 14 ,淋巴细胞 0 18±0 11。胸部X线和CT显示肺部斑片状阴影 ,短期内病灶增多 ,累计单侧 2 3例 (30 % )、双侧 5 2例(6 7% )。分析医护人员被感染途径 ,提示本病具有较强的飞沫近距离传染特性。出现急性肺损伤(ALI) 37例 (47% ) ,其中发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 2 1例。 7例死亡患者均为ARDS合并有多器官功能衰竭综合征 (MODS)。结论　流行病接触史、发热、X线肺炎征及白细胞计数正常或减少是诊断本病的临床依据。

Severe acute respiratory syndrome in 78 patients:a retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with SARS referred to the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases (GIRD), China from December 22, 2002 to March 2003 were studied retrospectively. The data reviewed included those of clinical manifestations, laboratory investigation and roentgenology. RESULTS: The patients consisted of 42 men and 36 women, aged 20 - 75 years (mean 37.5 +/- 11.6 years), including 44 infected health-care professionals. Clinical symptoms of these patients were fever (100%), coughing (88%), and dyspnea (80%). Routine blood test revealed WBCs <4.0 x 10(9)/L in 12 patients (15%), (4.0 -10.0) x 10(9)/L in 49 (63%), and over 10.0 x 10(9)/L in 17 (22%) [average (7.6 +/- 5.0) x 10(9)/L]. The level of neutrophilic granulocyte was 0.75 +/- 0.13 and that of lymphocyte was 0.18 +/- 0.11. Chest X-ray and CT scanning revealed changes related to pneumonia. The transmission of the disease was likely via close contact with contagious droplets. The prevalences of acute lung injury (ALI,37 patients) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, 21 of the 37 patients) were considerably high among the patients. Seven patients who developed ARDS complicated with MODS died. CONCLUSIONS: A history of close contact, fever, X-ray signs of pneumonia and normal or lowered WBC counts are favorable for the diagnosis of SARS. Recognition of ALI as the important index for critical SARS and comprehensive supportive management are of paramount importance in decreasing the mortality of patients with SARS.