滑膜肉瘤t(X;18)易位断裂点基因组DNA序列特征分析

目的 分析滑膜肉瘤t(X;18)染色体易位断裂点基因组DNA序列特征,探讨其与滑膜肉瘤t(X;18)染色体易位发生的关系。方法 采用长距离聚合酶链反应（PCR）及DNA测序技术,对2例滑膜肉瘤新鲜标本t(X;18)染色体易位断裂点基因组DNA序列进行了扩增及序列分析。结果 2例滑膜肉瘤标本均存在t(X;18)染色体易位,分别导致SYT-SSX1和SYT-SSX2融合基因形成,DNA序列分析显示,SYT基因第10内含子分别与SSX1和SSX2基因的第4内含子发生融合。在3种基因的断裂点附近均存在与共有易位素（translin)识别序列高度同源的序列,还发现3种基因的断裂点靠近,甚至位于呈回文结构的寡核革酸序列中,SSX1和SSX2基因第4内含子断裂点位于Alu重复序列附近,而SYT基因第10内含子断裂点上游和下游各500碱基内均未发现Alu或其他重复序列。在SYT两断裂点之间的DNA序列中存在一处拓扑异构酶Ⅱ的识别序列,但与两断裂点距离较远。结论 滑膜肉瘤染色体易位所涉及的3种基因的基因组断裂点区域存在特征性的序列,可能与滑膜肉瘤染色体易位的发生有关。

Sequence analysis of translocation t (X; 18) genomic breakpoints characterized in synovial sarcoma

Objective To analyze the DNA sequence characteristics of translocation t(X;18) genomic breakpoints and to study the mechanism underlying chromosomal translocation t(X;18) in synovial sarcoma. Methods Two cases of synovial sarcoma were studied utilizing long-distance polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis to amplify the genomic DNA of translocation t(X;18) breakpoints. Results Translocation t(X;18) was detected in both cases, which generated SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusion gene respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that intron 10 of SYT was fused to the intron 4 of SSX1 or SSX2. Sequences highly homologous to consensus recognition motifs of translin were found adjacent to breakpoints in all three genes. Breakpoints in the three genes were close to or even at several palindromic oligomer sequences. The breaks in intron 4 of SSX1 and SSX2 were near an Alu sequence. No Alu or other repetitive sequences were found 500 bp upstream or downstream from the break in intron 10 of SYT. One topoisomerase II consensus site was found between the two breakpoints but with considerable distance from intron 10 of SYT. Conclusions All three genes involved in synovial sarcomas contain characteristic sequence motifs in the breakpoint regions which may play an important role in the genesis of chromosomal translocation in synovial sarcoma.