云南香格里拉山地自然风景区蚤类多样性的研究

蚤类是传播多种自然疫源性疾病的重要媒介昆虫，人类在自然风景区户外活动时存在被其叮咬而感染虫媒传染病的风险。为了解云南香格里拉县主要山地自然风景区蚤类的多样性状况，2005年秋，我们选择了虎跳峡、哈巴雪山、白水台、千湖山和红山5个不同海拔高度的自然风景区为调查研究的空间范围，应用夹线法捕小型兽类并收集其体表寄生蚤类进行调查取样，对蚤类多样性、群落相似性和蚤类与宿主关系进行了测度和比较研究。结果显示：（1）共捕获蚤类633只，隶属4科19属34种，其中发现云南省1新纪录属及种（喜马狭蚤Stenoponiahimalayana），当地新纪录蚤类10种（亚种），显示当地山地自然风景区内蚤种丰富；（2）红山和千湖山景区蚤种丰富度较高（各18种）和物种多样性也较高（分别为2．50和2．18），而虎跳峡景区捕获的蚤类丰富度（8种）和物种多样性指数（1．79）最低，蚤类物种丰富度和Shannon—Wienor指数均随着景区海拔的升高呈递增趋势；（3）综合分析Jaccard指数和聚类分析的结果，5个风景区被划为虎跳峡-哈巴雪山-白水台、千湖山-红山两个类型，相对植被和水湿条件而言，人为干扰或是导致这一结果更重要的原因；（4）5个自然风景区蚤类群落与宿主群落丰富度的Spearman秩相关系数为0．24，Shannon—Wiener指数的Spearman秩相关系数为0．60，显示5个景区的蚤类多样性与宿主多样性无相关。

FLEAS FAUNA ON SMALL MAMMALS IN FIVE NATURAL LANDSCAPE AREAS OF SHANGRI-LA,YUNNAN,CHINA

Fleas are considered as the most common and important external parasites on small mammals, which can spread a variety of viral, bacterial and rickettsial diseases to humans, such as bubonic plague and typhus. Investigation of flea fauna is an important work in natural landscape area for their biting on visitors which may raise the risk of spreading vector- borne diseases. To investigate the flea fauna and distinguish the differences among different natural landscape areas, researches were performed during autumn of 2005 in five main mountain areas： Hutiao Gorge, Haba Snow Mountain, Baishuitai Terraces, Qianhu Mountain and Red mountain. The results showed： （ 1 ） A total of 633 fleas identified as 34 species belonging to 4 genera and 19 families were collected from small rodents trapped, including 10 new recorded species （subspecies） in Shangri-La, among which Stenoponia and Stenoponia himalayana are first trapped in Yunnan province, implying that there existed abundant species of fleas in natural landscape areas in Shangri-La. （2） Both the species richness and Shannon-Wienor index of fleas increased along with the increase of altitude, which were highest in Red mountain with an altitude of 3 500-4 200 m, and lowest in Hutiao Gorge with an altitude of 1 800-1 900 m. （3） The 5 natural landscape areas were classified into two groups based on the Jaecard indexes and cluster analysis, one is Hutiao Gorge, Haba Snow Mountain and Baishuitai Terraces, another one is Qianhu Mountain and Red mountain. It is indicated that, compared with the vegetation and humidity, human disturbance may play a more important role in flea diversity of natural landscape areas. （4） Both the species richness and Shannon-Wienor index of fleas showed no relation with that of small mammal, the Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficients were 0. 24 and 0. 60, respectively.