118例儿童急性肾损伤预后因素的临床分析

目的 探讨影响儿童急性肾损伤（AKI）预后的危险因素。 方法 回顾性分析118例AKI患儿的一般资料、病因、临床特点、实验室检查、肾组织病理及治疗情况，分析其与预后的关系。 结果 纳入本研究的118例AKI患儿中，男83例，女35例，中位年龄为7.5岁，其中＜3.0岁组33例，占28.0%；3.0～7.0岁组21例，占17.8%；＞7.0岁组64例，占54.2%。118例患儿的AKI分期为1期62例，占52.5%；2期38例，占32.2%；3期18例，占15.3%。AKI患儿的常见病因主要有感染性和免疫性疾病（39.8%）、肾血管病（27.1%）和循环障碍（11.9%）。总住院病死率为21.2%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析提示机械通气、败血症或感染性休克、严重酸中毒和WBC＞20.0×109/L是AKI患儿死亡的独立危险因素，OR值分别为51.75、14.76、11.38和8.51（均P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 儿童AKI的主要病因是感染性和免疫性疾病、肾血管病和循环障碍。机械通气、败血症或感染性休克、严重酸中毒和WBC＞20.0×109/L是AKI患儿死亡的独立危险因素。

Clinical analysis of prognostic factors in 118 children with acute kidney injury

Objective To explore the risk factors of prognosis for children with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods Clinical data of 118 children with AKI, including the causes,clinical characteristics, laboratory features, renal pathological findings, treatment and outcome, were reviewed retrospectively. Association between risk factors and prognosis was analyzed. AKI was defined by the new classification criteria of the Acute Kidney Injury Network. Prognostic factors were determined by univariate methods and stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. Results One hundred and eighteen patients (83 male, 35 female) were enrolled in the study, who admitted in our department between January 1, 2005 and May 31, 2008. Median age at the time of AKI children was 7.5 years (range 1 day-14 years), among whom 28.0% (33 cases) was less than 3.0years, 17.8% (21 cases) between 3.0 and 7.0 years and 54.2% (64 cases) more than 7.0 years.Patients' AKI was classified according to the staging system as follows: 52.5% stage 1, 32.2%stage 2 and 15.3% stage 3. The common causes of AKI children were infectious and autoimmune diseases (39.8%), renal vascular disease (27.1%) and circulatory disturbance (11.9%). Hospital mortality was 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors for death were need for mechanical ventilation (OR=51.75, P＜0.01＝, sepsis/septic shock (OR=14.76, P＜0.01＝, severe acidosis (OR=11.38, P＜0,01＝, and white blood cells (WBC) count more than 20.0×109/L (OR=8.51, P＜0.01＝. Conclusion Infectious and autoimmune diseases, renal vascular disease and circulatory disturbance are the common causes of AKI children. The important risk factors of death in AKI children are need for mechanical ventilation, sepsis/septic shock, severe acidosis, and WBC count more than 20.0×109/L.