血液透析患者直接动静脉穿刺术后血肿的预防和护理

目的：观察血液透析患者直接动、静脉穿刺术后血肿的发生情况及总结护理要点。方法：对166例患者直接动、静脉穿刺血液透析4300次，术后血肿进行分析，并实施针对性护理。结果：动、静脉穿刺成功率为100％，术后出现肱动脉血肿28例次，占5．7％。其中有2例出现严重血肿需外科手术清除血肿，桡动脉血肿35例次，占0．9％。肱静脉血肿22例次，占2．5％。结论：直接动、静脉穿刺进行血透，较人造内瘘血管容易出现血肿，但血透过程及术后全程严密观察和针对性护理，可以减少其发生率。

Prevention and Nursing of the Haematoma Caused by the Arteriopuncture and Venous Puncture of the Hemodialysis Patient

Objective: To observe the incidence of haematoma after the arterio puncture and venous puncture of the hemodialysis patient and its nursing. Method: A total of 166 cases patients were conducted hemodialysis via direct arterio puncture and venous puncture for 4300 times. After that, the incidence of haematoma was analyzed and the pertinent nursing was taken. Result: The arteriopuncture and venous puncture successful rate was 100%, of which the brachium artery haematoma was 28 times, covering 5.7%. Among them, 2 cases needed removing haematoma surgically. 35 cases (0.9%) were radial artery haematoma. 22 cases (2.5%) were brachium vein haematoma. Conclusion: The haematoma more easily happen in hemodialysis via direct arteriopuncture and venous puncture than that via artificial internal fistula blood vessel. But the complete monitoring during or after the hemodialysis and the pertinent nursing can decline the incidence.