甲醛对雄性小鼠的生殖遗传毒性

目的：观察甲醛对雄性小鼠精子畸变、生殖能力和子代胎鼠肝细胞微核率的影响。 方法：随机将小鼠分为阴性对照组（NC）、甲醛染毒组和阳性对照组（PC），每组12只，采用静式吸入染毒，染毒组吸入甲醛浓度分别是21 mg•m-3 (1/24LC₅₀)、42 mg•m-3(1/12 LC₅₀)和84 mg•m-3 (1/6 LC₅₀)，每天2 h，每周6 d，共13周。染毒结束后处死小鼠，检测小鼠精子畸形率，采用显性致死试验方法，检测雄性小鼠生殖能力及子代胎鼠肝细胞微核率。结果：各染毒组雄性小鼠精子头畸形率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05)，并与甲醛染毒剂量呈明显正相关(r=0.83,P<0.001)。各剂量染毒组孕鼠的胎吸收率较阴性对照组显著升高(P<0.01)，1/6 LC₅₀组的每窝平均活胎数较阴性对照组显著下降(P<0.05)。结论：甲醛可以造成雄性小鼠精子畸形，降低雄性小鼠生殖能力，对雄性小鼠具有一定的生殖遗传毒性。

Toxic effect of formaldehyde on reproduction and heredity in male mice

Objective To examine the effects of formaldehyde on the process of sperm development and reproductive capacity in male mice and the micronucleus rate of liver cells from offspring.Methods The mice were randomly divided into negative control group(NC),formaldehyde exposed group and positive control group (PC).The exposed dose was 21 mg·m-3 (1/24 LC50),42 mg·m-3 (1/12 LC50) and 84 mg·m-3 (1/6 LC50),respectively. 12 male mice were included in each group.Male mice from different formaldehyde exposed groups were inhaled with formaldehyde for 2 h one day,6 d each week,lasted for 13 weeks.The aberration rate of sperm in male mice and the micronucleus rate of liver cells from offspring were observed,and the reproductive capacity of male mice was detected by dominant lethal test.Results The aberration rates of sperm in mice from different formaldehyde exposed groups were significantly higher than that in negative control (P<0.05),and the relationship between the spermatozoa aberration rate and the concentration of inhaled formaldehyde was positive correlation (r=0.83,P<0.001).The rates of fetal absorption in pregnant mice from three different exposed groups were significantly higher than that in negative control (P<0.01),and the number of live offspring from 1/6 LC50 group was lower than that in negative control (P<0.05).Conclusion Formaldehyde can cause the increasing of sperm aberration rate and the decreasing of the reproductive capacity in male mice.The results suggest that formaldehyde can affect the genetics of male mice.