109例急性散发性戊型肝炎的流行病学特征分析

目的了解泰州市急性散发性戊肝发病的主要流行病学特征。方法采用自制的调查表对泰州市2008年戊肝患者的一般情况、流行病学史、个人卫生行为、动物饲养情况等进行调查，对调查结果进行描述和分析。结果共对109例戊肝患者进行了调查，占全年戊肝病例数的67．3％，男女性别比为1：0．31，文盲及小学文化水平占47．7％，以民工为主的产业工人阶层和农业劳动者阶层占总患者数的78．0％，月收入低于1000元的占总患者数的87．2％，2～4月份发病占全部病例的45．9％。发病前15～75d，患者中具有外餐史、凉菜史和外出史的比例分别为47．7％、36．7％和16．5％，患者中洗手习惯一般和不常或偶尔的占全部病例的64．2％。结论2～4月份是泰州市戊肝发病的高峰季节，患者发病主要集中于收入较少、文化水平低的30～60岁农村居民，男性多于女性，发病前15～75d有外餐史、凉菜史、外出史构成暴露危险因素的前3位。

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of 109 acute sporadic hepatitis E

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of acute sporadic hepatitis E. Methods 109 cases of hepatitis E were investigated to collect the information on epidemic history and other health behaviors and the rate was used to describe the data. Results Of 67.3% （109/162） cases of hepatitis E in 2008 of Taizhou, the male to female ratio was 1：0.31. Among the 109 cases, illiterates and semi-illiterates accounted for 47.7 % and the proportion of rural workers was 78.0 %. 87.2 % cases had an average monthly incomes below 1 000 Yuan and 45.9 % cases occurred from February to April. 47.7% cases had meals in small restaurants, and the rates of unhealthy foods and business travelling were 36.7 % and 16.5 % within 15 to 75 days before onset of the disease. 64.2 % cases had poor habits of washing hands before meals. Conelusions The occurring of hepatitis E were reported from February to April in Taizhou and most cases came from rural residents between 30 to 60 with low income and lower educational levels. The top three exposure risk factors were the history of eating outside, unhealthy foods and business travelling.