阿尔都塞哲学基本特征新解

二十世纪西方结构主义的马克思主义者阿尔都塞 ,其哲学除了强烈的唯科学性与理性主义外 ,同时也具有理性与非理性、辩证与非辩证、马克思主义与非马克思主义、开放与封闭、创新与守旧等中介色彩。阿尔都塞别出心裁的马克思主义解读方法及其解读结论 ,在受到理论界关注的同时也招来众多评议。赞成者认为他把理论界对马克思哲学的解释 ,从官方的或正统的乏味注释、重复论证中解放出来了 ,为马克思主义的研究打开了一条“新路” ,因而使那些致力于把马克思主义人道化以后又颇感失望的人们 ,重新看到了复苏马克思主义的希望。批评者则认为他打着“保卫马克思”的旗号歪曲了马克思哲学 ,甚至是主观地、精巧地伪造出马克思学说 ,认为当他以正统的、坚定的马克思主义哲学的保卫者、守护神自居的时候 ,不过是借马克思主义之名 ,偷运结构主义 ,企图用结构主义取代马克思主义。对这些批评和指责 ,阿尔都塞没有无动于衷而是积极回应 ,并通过回应重申了自己对马克思主义哲学的独特理解。

New Interpretations of the Essential Characteristics of Althusser Philosophy

The structuralist Marxist philosopher in the twentieth century, Althusser produced a novel form of Marxism by attempting to integrate into it the dominant ideas of structuralism. Althusser's version of Marxism received both praise and criticism. Those in favor of his philosophy believed that he had broken through the traditional way of interpreting Marxism and found a new approach to research into Marxist philosophy. Those against his ideas claimed that he pretended to be a defender of Marxist to distort Marxism, subjectively counterfeited Marxist theories, propagated structuralism under the guise of Marxism and attempted to replace Marxism with structuralism. Althusser actively responded to those criticisms and ingeminated his inimitable understandings of Marxist philosophy.