不同血标本采集法对病原菌检出率的影响研究

目的研究血培养标本分析前的质量保证工作,使护士能正确采集标本。方法选取新生儿及儿科患者400例,随机分为对照组与改进组各200例,找出对照组采集血标本的操作缺陷,在改进组中加以改进。结果对照组血标本采集由于护士不固定,质控意识差,责任不明确使分析前的质量保证工作流于形式;改进组采取定班或定人、先培训再上岗的方式,护士严格按照分析前的质量保证要求实施操作,使双套血培养采集率由15%上升至32%,血培养结果:对照组与改进组病原菌检出率、标本污染率分别是7.5%与13%(P<0.05)、13.5%与5.5%(P<0.01);2项差异均有统计学意义。结论重视血培养标本分析前的质控管理,正确采集血标本是提高血培养病原菌检出率和降低污染率的有效措施。

Effective Analysis of Detective Rate of Pathogenic Bacteria and Contamination Rate Concerning Different Collecting Blood Culture Sample Methods in Department of Pediatrics

Objective In order to ensure that nurses can properly collect specimens,quality assurance should be investigated prior to the analysis of blood culture samples.Methods 400 cases of neonatal and pediatric patients who were selected and randomly divided into a investigation group and a improvement group,there were 200 cases in each group.The defects of operation should be found in the investigation group and be improved in the improvement group.Results Owing to unfixed personnel had poor awareness of quality control and undefined responsibility,it was a mere formality to complete quality assurance prior to the analysis of blood culture samples in the investigation group;the improvement group took a spell or had fixed personnel,and should undergo training before induction.In accordance with the requests of quality assurance prior to the analysis,nurses strictly carried out operation.As the result of all above improvements,the double sets of blood culture collection rate was from 15% to 32%.The results of blood culture: the detective rate of pathogenic bacteria and the contamination rate of samples in two groups were respective 7.5% and 13%(P<0.05),13.5% and 5.5%(P<0.01);both the item differences of two groups were significant in statistics.Conclusion Management of quality assurance prior to the analysis of blood culture samples should be paid attention.It was effective measures which can raise the detective rate of pathogenic bacteria of blood culture and reduce the contamination rate to collect correctly blood samples.