Immunologic Characterization of a Rhesus Macaque H1N1 Challenge Model for Candidate Influenza Virus Vaccine Assessment |
| |
| Authors: | Jason A. Skinner Sandra M. Zurawski Chie Sugimoto Heather Vinet-Oliphant Parvathi Vinod Yaming Xue Kasi Russell-Lodrigue Randy A. Albrecht Adolfo García-Sastre Andres M. Salazar Chad J. Roy Marcelo J. Kuroda SangKon Oh Gerard Zurawski |
| |
| Affiliation: | aBaylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA;bTulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA;cIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA;dOncovir, Inc., Washington, DC, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Despite the availability of annually formulated vaccines, influenza virus infection remains a worldwide public health burden. Therefore, it is important to develop preclinical challenge models that enable the evaluation of vaccine candidates while elucidating mechanisms of protection. Here, we report that naive rhesus macaques challenged with 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus do not develop observable clinical symptoms of disease but develop a subclinical biphasic fever on days 1 and 5 to 6 postchallenge. Whole blood microarray analysis further revealed that interferon activity was associated with fever. We then tested whether type I interferon activity in the blood is a correlate of vaccine efficacy. The animals immunized with candidate vaccines carrying hemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) exhibited significantly reduced interferon activity on days 5 to 6 postchallenge. Supported by cellular and serological data, we conclude that blood interferon activity is a prominent marker that provides a convenient metric of influenza virus vaccine efficacy in the subclinical rhesus macaque model. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
|
|
