In Search of the Perfect Phenotype: An Analysis of Linkage and Association Studies of Reading and Reading-Related Processes |
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| Authors: | Thomas Skiba Nicole Landi Richard Wagner Elena L Grigorenko |
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| Institution: | (1) Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA;(2) Yale University & Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA;(3) Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA;(4) Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;(5) Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;; |
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| Abstract: | Reading ability and specific reading disability (SRD) are complex traits involving several cognitive processes and are shaped
by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental forces. Linkage studies of these traits have identified several susceptibility
loci. Association studies have gone further in detecting candidate genes that might underlie these signals. These results
have been obtained in samples of mainly European ancestry, which vary in their languages, inclusion criteria, and phenotype
assessments. Such phenotypic heterogeneity across samples makes understanding the relationship between reading (dis)ability
and reading-related processes and the genetic factors difficult; in addition, it may negatively influence attempts at replication.
In moving forward, the identification of preferable phenotypes for future sample collection may improve the replicability
of findings. This review of all published linkage and association results from the past 15 years was conducted to determine
if certain phenotypes produce more replicable and consistent results than others. |
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