恶性肿瘤的分子诊断技术

恶性肿瘤的分子诊断主要依赖于肿瘤标志物的检测,肿瘤标志物主要分为胚胎类肿瘤标志物、糖类抗原肿瘤标志物、酶类肿瘤标志物、激素类肿瘤标志物及其他非特异性的肿瘤标志物。目前临床中,肿瘤标志物在肿瘤筛查、肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要作用,但由于假阳性和假阴性的存在,敏感性和特异性均较低,使肿瘤标志物的临床应用具有一定局限性,其检测结果不能单独作为肿瘤的诊断依据。随着分子生物学技术的发展,新的肿瘤标志物的不断发现,肿瘤的分子诊断技术将会不断提高。

Molecular diagnosis of malignant tumors

Molecular diagnosis of malignant tumor depends on the detection of tumor markers, which include fetal tumor markers, carbohydrate antigen tumor markers, enzyme and isozyme tumor markers, steroids tumor markers, and other nonspecifie tumor markers. At present, tumor markers play important roles in the screening, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of tumors, but they have definite limitations in the clinic because of false positive, false negative, low sensitivity and specificity. As a result, tumor markers can' t be used as the diagnostic basis of tumor independently. With the development of molecular biology technique, and discover of new tumor markers, the molecular diagnostic teechnique of tumors will be improved.