壮族中学生的心理健康调查

背景:中学阶段是人格塑造及定型的关键时期,这个时期心理活动充满许多特殊的心理矛盾和冲突,长期的心理困扰必将影响其健全人格的形成。目的:了解壮族中学生心理健康状况及其影响的主要因素。设计:以中学生为观察对象的随机整群抽样问卷调查。单位:右江民族医学院预防医学教研室。对象:于2003-11采用随机整群抽样方法抽取百色市及隆林县3所中学共34个班2000名中学生进行调查。方法:采用症状自评量表评定中学生心理健康状况。该量表含90个项目,包含躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌意、恐怖、偏执、精神病性共9个心理症状因子。采用1～5级评分制,参照全国成人常模标准:因子分<1.8分为正常;1.8～2.0分为轻度异常;2.1～3.0分为中度异常;>3.0分为重度异常。统一指导语,规范调查方法和行为,采用不记名填写,问卷后现场收回。并与全国常模比较。主要观察指标:中学生心理健康状况评定结果。结果:发放问卷2000份,收回合格问卷1855份,有效率92.75%。①壮族中学生症状自评量表各因子所得均分均高于国内常模,差异有显著性(P=0.000)。②女学生在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖及精神病性方面得分高于男学生,差异有显著性(P=0.000)。③除敌对因子外,其余各项因子分均为高中生大于初中生,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。④影响百色老区壮族中学生心理健康各因子从大到小排列的顺序为抑郁、躯体化、强迫、焦虑、人际敏感、精神病性、偏执、敌对、恐怖。男学生人际敏感排第4位,焦虑排第6位;而女学生这两个因子的位次恰好相反,其余各因子的排序男女生一致。前3位因子均为:抑郁、躯体化、强迫。结论:壮族中学生心理健康状况低于全国常模,影响其心理健康的前3位因子为:抑郁、躯体化及强迫。女学生在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖及精神病性方面的心理健康水平低于男学生。高中生的心理问题较初中生严重。应针对不同群体的心理特征性进行心理教育及干预措施。

Investigation of psychological health in middle-school students of Zhuang nationality

BACKGROUND: The middle-school stage is the key period of personality figuring and taking shape.The mentation in this period is filled with a lot of special psychological contradictions and conflicts. Long-term psychological worry will affect the formation of perfect personality.OBJECTIVE: To understand the psychological health status in the middle-school students of Zhuang nationality and the main factors of influence.DESIGN: Randomized cluster sampling and questionnaire investigation based on middle-school students.SETTING: Department of Preventive Medicine, Youjiang Medical College of Nationalities.PARTICIPANTS: 2 000 middle-school students of 34 classes from 3 middle schools in Baise City and Longlin County were selected to attend the investigation with randomized cluster sampling method in November 2003.METHODS: The psychological health statuses of middle-school students were evaluated with symptom checklist (SCL).The list contained 90 items,including 9 factors of psychological symptom such as somatization,compulsion,sensitivity to human relations,anxiety,depression,hostility,dread,paranoia and psychosis.The grading system from 1 to 5 grades was used and the standard of the adult norm of the whole country was refered to:Factor score＜1.8 was normal;Factor score from 1.8 to 2.0 was mild abnormality;Factor score from 2.1 to 3.0 was moderate abnormality;Factor score＞3.0 was severe abnormality. Instructive words were unified.The investigative method and behavior were normalized.The questionnaires were filled in without recording the names and taken back from the spot and then compared with the norm of the whole country.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The evaluated result of psychological health in middle-school students.RESULTS: 2 000 questionnaires were provided and 1 855 were valid after return with the effective rate 92.75%. ①The average scores of each factor of SCL were all higher in the middle-school students of Zhuang nationality than in the norm of the whole country. The significance of difference existed(P=0.000).②The scores of somatization,depression,anxiety,dread and psychosis were all higher in the schoolgirls than in the schoolboys.The significance of difference existed (P=0.000).③Except hostility factor,the scores of other factors were higher in the senior middle-school students than in the junior middle-school students.The difference was statistically significant(P=0.000).④The arranged sequences(from bigness to smallness) of each factor that affected psychological health of middle-school students of Zhuang nationality in Baise were depression,somatization,compulsion,anxiety,sensitivity to human relations,psychosis,paranoia,hostility and dread.The sensitivity to human relations ranked 4th and the anxiety ranked 6th in the schoolboys,but the orders of the 2 factors were just the opposite in the schoolgirls and the orders of other factors were the same in both the schoolboys and the schoolgirls.The first 3 factors all were:depression,somatization, compulsion.CONCLUNSION: The psychological health status was lower in the middle-school students of Zhuang nationality than in the norm of the whole country and the first 3 factors that affected their psychological health were:depression,somatization and compulsion. The levels of psychological health on somatization,depression,anxiety,dread and psychosis were lower in the schoolgirls than in the schoolboys. The psychological problems were more serious in the senior middle-school students than in the junior middleschool students. The levels of psychological health in middle-school students of Zhuang nationality were relatively lower and the psychological education and intervention study should be provided aiming at psychological characteristics of different population.