高原铁路修建工人健康状况调查

目的　研究高原作业环境对作业工人健康的影响。方法　采用队列研究方法 ,研究习服期、初上高原和在高原工作 90d不同时期高原反应、血压、血象和氧化指标的变化情况。结果　初上高原有 83 .3 %的人出现程度不等的高原反应 ,以头痛最多。血压异常检出率随着海拔高度和停留时间而增高 ,与平原对照组的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,90d组高血压检出率为 41.7% ,以舒张压升高明显 ,与其他 3组相比 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。初上高原组WBC、RBC明显增加 ,Hb在 90d左右才明显增加 ,与平原对照组相比 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。习服期组丙二醛 (MDA)明显增加 ,且随着海拔高度和停留时间而增加 ,90d组过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力明显增加 ,分别为 (2 2 2 .3 6± 3 6.52 )× 10 3U/L、(158.49± 14 .42 )U/L、(45.74±8.3 1)NU/ml ,与对照组 分别为 (110 .17± 3 3 .81)× 10 3U/L、(10 8.3 6± 2 5.2 6)U/L、(3 2 .2 8± 7.45)NU/ml]的差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　高原作业环境可使作业工人血压异常 ,以舒张压升高为主 ;可导致WBC、RBC、Hb增高 ;可使体内氧化活动增强 ;并可引起头痛、头晕、食欲减退和睡眠障碍等一些高原反应

A study of high altitude environment affecting on worker's health during the constructing Qinghai-Xizang railway

OBJECTIVE: To study high altitude environment affecting on worker's health METHODS: Using the cohort study, the altitude reaction was investigated and the WBC, RBC, Hb and oxygenation indexes were measured on workers in several periods, namely, acclimatization period, initially arrived high altitude and resident 90 days. RESULTS: The 83.3% of men had altitude reactions with different kinds at initially arrived high altitude. The headache was the most. The rate of abnormal blood pressure increased with altitude and resident time (P < 0.01). The rate of 90 day's group was 41.7%. The rise of diastole pressure was obvious (P < 0.01). As the beginning of arrived highland, the increase of WBC, RBC were significant (P < 0.01). The increase of Hb appeared only in 90 day's group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) obviously increased during acclimatization period and increased with altitude and resident time (P < 0.01). The activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly in 90 day's group (222.36 +/- 36.52) x 10(3) U/L, (158.49 +/- 14.42) U/L, (45.74 +/- 8.31) NU/ml respectively] (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The high altitude environment may result in the abnormal blood pressure, the rise of diastolic pressure was important. It lead to the increase of WBC, RBC, Hb. It initiated activity of oxygenation reaction. The symptoms of headache, dizziness, loss of appetite and insomnia appeared as working in high altitude environment.