Effect of melamine on potassium currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons

As an industrially synthesized chemical, melamine has been applied in a wide range of areas. However, many questions on the adverse effect and toxicity of melamine have been emerged, recently. In this investigation, the cytotoxicity of melamine on PC12 cells was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of melamine on the transient outward potassium current (I_A) and the delayed rectifier potassium current (I_K) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat was studied using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results showed that melamine-induced cell death in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and produced a concentration-dependent inhibition in amplitudes of I_A and I_K at any concentrations (5 × 10^?4, 5 × 10^?5, and 5 × 10^?6 g/ml). Moreover, at higher concentration (5 × 10^?4 g/ml), melamine had observable effects of the steady-state inactivation of I_A, that is melamine shifted inactivation curve of I_A towards hyperpolarization. The spontaneous firing frequency was increased as well. These results suggest that the regulation of I_A and I_K induced by melamine would make neurons display aberrant firing properties and abnormal neuronal discharge, which could be a possible underlying mechanism for the melamine-induced neurotoxicity.