2007年云南省梁河县鼠疫疫源地室内鼠密度和蚤指数调查

目的 调查与分析云南省梁河县鼠疫疫源地室内鼠密度和蚤指数,评估鼠疫发生的潜在危险.方法 根据历史鼠疫监测资料,2007年8-9月在云南省梁河县选择30个鼠疫疫源村,对每个村的全部住户进行编号后,随机抽取20户,放置鼠笼和粘蚤纸用于捕获鼠和蚤,计算鼠密度、染蚤率、蚤指数、中位数.结果 黄胸鼠和臭鼷鼱分别捕获133和33只,平均每村捕鼠5只,平均鼠密度为2.8%(166/6000).染蚤鼠101只,染蚤率为60.8%(101/166).收集鼠体蚤344匹,其中印鼠客蚤296匹.缓慢细蚤48匹.鼠体蚤指数为2.1(344/166).捕获地面游离蚤315匹,地面游离蚤指数为0.026(315/11 888).平均每村5.5匹.其中,猫栉首蚤指明亚种和印鼠客蚤占了地面游离蚤总数的97.8%(308/315).地面游离蚤和鼠体蚤的蚤种构成不一致(精确概率法,P<0.01),鼠体蚤和鼠密度呈现正相关(r=0.68,P<0.01),地面游离蚤与鼠密度和鼠体蚤间均无相关关系(r=-0.17、0.32,P均>0.05).使用诱饵油炸猪皮3600个笼·夜,共捕获105只鼠,使用诱饵油条2400个笼·夜,捕获46只鼠,油炸猪皮的捕鼠效果明显优于油条(χ2=5.59,P<0.05).结论 梁河县鼠疫疫源村室内鼠以黄胸鼠为主,印鼠客蚤和猫栉首蚤指明亚种分别是鼠体蚤和地面游离蚤的优势种.勐宋、邦读村和汤加屯仍有发生鼠疫的可能性.

The survey of rat density and flea index in households in villages having previous plague experience in Lianghe County, Yunnan Province in 2007

Objective To evaluate the risk of plague occurrence via surveying and analyzing indoor rat density and flea index in natural villages having previous plague experience. Methods During August to September 2007, 30 natural villages experiencing previous plague were selected based on the surveillance data, and then all households were coded with numbers and 20 households in each village were randomly selected via computer. Cages and sticky papers were set in 600 selected households to capture rats and fleas. Rat density, flea prevalence, flea index and median were estimated. Results One hundred thirty-three Rattus flavipectus and 33 Suncus murinus were caught and averaged rat density was 2.8 rats per one hundred cage. nights (166/6000), the median was 5 rats each village. One hundred and one mice infected fleas, flea prevalence on rats was 60.8% (101/166), 296 Xenopsylla cheopis and 48 Leptopsylla segnis were collected. Rat flea index was 2.1 fleas per rat (344/166). A total of 315 dissociated flea was caught, average dissociated flea index was 0.026 fleas per sticky paper (315/11888). The median was 5.5 dissociated fleas per village. Of dissociated fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (205) and Xenopsylla cheopis (103) accounted for 97.8% (308/315). The proportion for species of the rat flea and the dissociated flea was different(Fisher test: P < 0.01). The rat flea was significantly associated with the rat density(r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but the dissociated flea was significantly associated with neither the rat density(r = -yield than fried wheat batter(χ2 = 5.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions In these villages having previous plague experience of Lianghe County, Rattusflavipectus was dominant species of indoor rats, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis were dominant species of rat flea and dissociated flea, respectively. Mengsong, Bangdu, and Tangjiatun village had potential risk of plague emergence.