Stress responses sculpt the insect immune system,optimizing defense in an ever-changing world |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany;2. Department of Entomology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany;1. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;2. Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;4. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l''Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France;2. Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg;3. Commissariat à l''Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Genoscope (Centre National de Séquençage), Evry, France |
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| Abstract: | A whole organism, network approach can help explain the adaptive purpose of stress-induced changes in immune function. In insects, mediators of the stress response (e.g. stress hormones) divert molecular resources away from immune function and towards tissues necessary for fight-or-flight behaviours. For example, molecules such as lipid transport proteins are involved in both the stress and immune responses, leading to a reduction in disease resistance when these proteins are shifted towards being part of the stress response system. Stress responses also alter immune system strategies (i.e. reconfiguration) to compensate for resource losses that occur during fight-or flight events. In addition, stress responses optimize immune function for different physiological conditions. In insects, the stress response induces a pro-inflammatory state that probably enhances early immune responses. |
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| Keywords: | Ecoimmunology Insect Octopamine Adipokinetic hormone Gene expression Lipid transport proteins AKH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" adipokinetic hormone AMPs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" antimicrobial peptides and proteins apoLpIII" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" apolipophorin III GC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glucocorticoids GSH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glutathione HDLp" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" high density lipophorin particle HPA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis LDLp" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0115" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" low density lipophorin particle NE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0125" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" norepinephrine OA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0135" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" octopamine PAP-3" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0145" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-3 PO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0155" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" phenoloxidase SNS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0165" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" sympathetic nervous system |
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