The search for the number form area: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;2. Department of Special Education, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;1. Laboratoire d''Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, France;2. Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action, & Cognition Team (INSERM-CNRS-UMR 5292), Université de Lyon, France;3. Mouvement et Handicap, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France;4. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille, France;5. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Fédération 3C, Marseille, France;6. Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes et d''Angers, France;7. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France;1. Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;2. Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leopold Vanderkelenstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies report a putative “number form area” (NFA) in the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) suggested to be specialized for Arabic numeral processing. However, a number of earlier studies report no such NFA. The reasons for such discrepancies across studies are unclear. To examine evidence for a convergent NFA across studies, we conducted two activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses on 31 and a subset of 20 neuroimaging studies that have contrasted digits with other meaningful symbols. Results suggest the potential existence of an NFA in the right ITG, in addition to a ‘symbolic number processing network’ comprising bilateral parietal regions, and right-lateralized superior and inferior frontal regions. Critically, convergent localization for the NFA was only evident when contrasts were appropriately controlled for task demands, and does not appear to depend on employing methods designed to overcome fMRI signal dropout in the ITG. Importantly, only five studies had foci within the identified ITG NFA cluster boundary, indicating that more empirical evidence is necessary to determine the true functional specialization and regional specificity of the putative NFA. |
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| Keywords: | Meta-analysis Activation likelihood estimation Symbolic number Number form Parietal cortex Frontal cortex Inferior temporal gyrus |
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