减少悬雍垂腭咽成形术并发症的围手术期处理

目的总结阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS）患者行悬雍垂腭咽成形术（uvulopalatopharyngoplasty，UPPP）的围手术期处理经验和教训，分析手术后气管切开病例原因，提出避免行气管切开术的对策。方法回顾性分析2002—2005年258例行改良UPPP手术的OSAHS患者围手术期处理、麻醉药物选择、术中及术后呼吸道管理。根据是否进行系统的围手术期处理分为A组（32例无系统处理）及B组（226例接受系统处理）。术前均给予2～3d常规抗生素治疗，手术在全麻下进行，术前均未行气管切开术。B组中对多道睡眠呼吸监测（polysomnography，PSG）为“双50”（即呼吸暂停低通气指数〉50次／h且最低血氧饱和度〈0．50）的68例患者术前行持续正压通气（continuous positive airway pressure，CPAP）呼吸机治疗1～3周，麻醉中选用分解代谢快的麻醉药，手术应用改良的压舌板。结果A组术后3例（9．4％）行气管切开，其中2例由于术后出血，1例因术后喉水肿；B组术后无气管切开病例；两组比较，X^2=21．35，P〈0．001，差异有统计学意义。A组患者术后原发性出血3例（9．4％），B组患者无术后原发性出血。两组比较，X^2=21．35，P〈0．001，差异有统计学意义。A组患者术后继发性出血5例（15．6％），B组患者术后继发性出血26例（11．5％），两组比较，X^2=0．15，P〉0．05，差异无统计学意义。两组患者伤口裂开及反流发生率相似，差异无统计学意义。结论经过有效的围手术期处理及合适的麻醉药物使用、彻底的术中止血，可有效降低UPPP手术并发症的发生率。

Perioperative management of modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

OBJECTIVE: Experiences and lessons of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP ) perioperative management, especially causes of postoperative tracheotomy, were analyzed, and related strategy was raised to have a better perioperative management and to avoid tracheotomy. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty eight cases of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndromes (OSAHS) diagnosed with polysomnography (PSG) were treated with modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). The perioperative management was summarized. Patients were divided into two groups according to the perioperative management: without or with perioperative comprehensive management. In group A, there were 32 patients, without comprehensive management, and in group B there were 226 cases with comprehensive management. Sixty eight cases in group B whose apnea hypopnea index over 50 times per hour and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation was less than 0.5 were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for 1 to 3 weeks. For all the 258 cases, perioperative management includes treatment of medical complications, treatment with antibiotics 2 or 3 days before the operation. None of these cases had tracheotomy before surgery. RESULTS: In group A, three of 32 patients had postoperative tracheotomy, two because of bleeding, and another one because of laryngeal spasm. In group B, none of 226 patients underwent tracheotomy, which owing to modified operative apparatus and effective perioperative and postoperative treatment (chi2 = 21.35, P < 0.001). In group A, 5 of 32 patients had oral pharynx bleeding after 24 hours of the operation. While 26 of 226 patients in group B did so (chi2 = 0.15, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive perioperative management can effectively lower down the complication rate for patients receiving uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.