云南不同颜色三七中重金属及微量元素分析

目的:云南不同地区规范化种植出产的三七表面颜色差异较大,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定不同表面颜色三七中重金属及微量元素的含量,以期考察影响三七表面颜色的因素及其安全性。方法:以来源于云南7个规范化种植区内的4种土壤背景、4种颜色的三七样品为研究对象,采用HNO₃-H₂O₂消解体系、微波消解法处理样品,ICP-MS测定13个重金属及微量元素铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钡(Ba)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、钴(Co)、汞(Hg)]含量,SPSS 20.0统计软件分析表面颜色与土壤背景及重金属及微量元素的相关性。结果:各种颜色三七样品中13个元素含量高低分布模式基本相近,Al含量最高,其次为Fe,土壤背景样品中的元素分布与表面颜色的元素分布模式基本一致。依据《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版规定的三七中重金属及有害元素含量限度,As、Hg、Pb、Cu含量均远低于限度规定,Cd普遍超标;依据《食品安全国家标准保健食品》(GB 16740-2014)规定,As不同程度超标;依据《食品安全国家标准食品营养强化剂使用标准》(GB 14880-2012)规定,Al、Mn、Ni、Cr不同程度超标;三七表面颜色与土壤背景未呈现相关性,与Cd、Mn、Ba含量呈负相关,与Co、Hg的含量呈正相关;Fe含量与Cd、Mn含量有较强的正相关性。结论:测定方法灵敏准确、简便快速,可应用于三七微量元素测定,为云南规范化种植三七的安全性评价提供了科学依据。

Distribution of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma with Different Colors from Yunnan Province

Objective:To determine the content of heavy metals and trace elements in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRER)with different surface colors under standard planting in different areas of Yunnan Province by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and investigate the factors that influencing the surface color and safety.Methods:NRER samples of four surface colors cultivated from four types of soils in seven standardized planting areas in Yunnan Province were digested by HNO₃-H₂O₂ system and microwave.The content of 13 heavy metals and trace elementsaluminum(Al),ferrum(Fe),manganese(Mn),barium(Ba),zinc(Zn),cuprum(Cu),nickel(Ni),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),cobalt(Co),mercury(Hg)]was determined by ICP-MS.SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlations of surface color with soil background,heavy metals,and trace elements.Results:The distribution patterns of 13 elements in samples of different colors were similar,and Al content was the highest,followed by Fe content.In terms of soil background and surface color,the distribution patterns of elements were consistent.The content of As,Hg,Pb,and Cu was far lower than that specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),but Cd generally exceeded the standard.The content of As exceeded the standards to varying degrees according to GB 16740-2014 National Food Safety Standard for Health Food.The content of Al,Mn,Ni,and Cr far exceeded the standards to varying degrees according to GB 14880-2012 National food safety standard for the Use of Nutritional Fortification Substances in Foods.The surface color of NRER showed no significant correlation with soil background,but negatively correlated with the content of Cd,Mn,and Ba,and positively correlated with the content of Co and Hg.Fe showed a strong positive correlation with the content of Cd and Mn.Conclusion:This study provides a scientific basis for the safety evaluation of standardized planting of NRER in Yunnan.The detection method,which is sensitive,accurate,simple,and rapid,can be applied to the determination of trace elements in NRER.