基于三代高通量测序技术的不同养殖环境下日本医蛭微生物多样性研究

目的:研究不同水源养殖的日本医蛭Hirudonipponica Whitman肌肉、肠道组织样本的细菌群落结构,分析除氯自来水养殖的可行性及日本医蛭相关的重要有益微生物。方法:分别在地下水和除氯自来水的循环养殖系统中进行日本医蛭养殖,采用PacBio三代高通量测序技术对不同水源养殖水蛭的肌肉和肠道组织样品进行菌种初步分类鉴定及微生物群落组成分析。结果:与地下水养殖的水蛭相比,除氯自来水养殖的水蛭样本表现出更简单的微生物群落结构,且黏液菌属(Mucinivorans)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)等有潜在致病风险的菌属相对丰度明显低于地下水养殖组。结论:采用除氯自来水开展水蛭养殖工作是可行的。与日本医蛭相关的共生菌(Aeromonas和Rikenella)及有益微生物在水蛭的生长发育过程中起着重要的作用,提示可以利用环境或饵料中的有益微生物来提高日本医蛭的产量。

Microbial Diversity of Hirudo nipponica Whitman in Different Culture Environments: Based on Third-generation High-throughput Sequencing Technology

Objective Hirudo nipponica Whitman has high medicinal and economic value. However, the wild resources are drastically reduced and artificial breeding faces various challenges. This study characterized the bacterial community structure in muscles and intestinal tracts of H. nipponica cultured in different water sources and analyzed whether dechlorinated tap water was suited to H. nipponica and the important beneficial microorganisms.Methods H. nipponica was respectively cultured in a recirculating system of groundwater and dechlorinated tap water. Third-generation high-throughput sequencing technology was employed for preliminary classification and identification of bacterial species and analysis of microbial community structure in muscle and intestinal tissues of H. nipponica from different water sources.Results Compared with the leeches from groundwater, the samples from dechlorinated tap water showed a simpler community structure, and the relative abundance of pathogenic genera such as Mucinivorans, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides in samples from dechlorinated tap water was lower than that from ground water.Conclusion It is feasible to use dechlorinated tap water for leech culture, and the symbiotic bacteria (Aeromonas and Rikenella) and beneficial microorganisms play an important role in the growth and development of H. nipponica. Thus, beneficial microorganisms in the environment or feed can be used to increase the production of H. nipponica.