内外源性应力对间质干细胞成软骨分化的调控

间质干细胞（MSC）来源的多元性为诱导其成脂向分化、成肌向分化、成骨向分化和成软骨向分化奠定了生物学基础，诱导MSC成软骨向分化受化学刺激和力学刺激等因素的调节。外源性应力和内源性应力是力学刺激的两种基本形式，改变细胞外基质（ECM）硬度、细胞形态、ECM纳米形貌和细胞密度等内源性应力，加载单纯压缩力、压缩力、联合剪切力、牵张力和流体静压力等外源性应力，均对MSC成软骨向分化有不同程度的影响；因此，深入研究内外源性力学刺激调控MSC成软骨分化的效应及机制，对于促进软骨再生和修复，既必要也可行。本文就内外源性应力对MSC成软骨向分化的调控等研究进展作一综述，旨在为后续的研究提供参考。

Regulation of external and internal forces on the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

With?advancements?in?tissue?engineering,?therapies?for?osteoarthritis?have?been?developed.?Mesenchymal?stem?cells(MSC)?can?differentiate?into?various?cell?types?and?be?used?as?an?optimum?source?of?cells?for?tissue?engineering?to?produce?an?engineered?cartilage.?However,?the?efficient?and?stable?stimulation?of?chondrogenetic?differentiation?of?MSC?is?a?key?challenge?in?cartilage?tissue?engineering.?Further?studies?have?been?conducted?to?investigate?mechanical?stimulation?and?to?determine?the?internal?and?external?forces?that?can?stimulate?the?chondrogenic?differentiation?of?MSC?and?maintain?their?phenotypes.?This?review?summarizes?the?research?progress?on?the?effects?of?internal?and?external?forces?on?the?chondrogenic?differentiation?of?MSC.