镉对雄（男）性生殖系统毒性的研究进展

镉（Cadmium）是有毒重金属，其对肝、肾、肺、骨骼、生殖系统及血液系统均有毒性，雄性生殖系统对镉的毒性更加敏感。镉进入机体后抑制类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白（steroidogenic acute regulatory protein，StAR）、胆固醇侧链裂解酶（P450scc）、3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD）以及17β-HSD等睾酮合成关键酶活性，使睾酮合成受到抑制，血浆睾酮水平下降。镉可诱导生殖细胞凋亡，引起睾丸细胞和细胞器的超微结构变化，最终损害雄性生殖系统的功能。内分泌紊乱、氧化应激失衡和凋亡通路的激活在镉毒性机制中发挥着重要作用，某些抗氧化剂和抗凋亡药物可在一定程度上拮抗镉的生殖毒性。综述镉对雄（男）性生殖能力的影响和毒性机制。

Toxicity Effect of Cadmium on Male Reproductive System

Cadmium is a kind of toxic heavy metals and hazardous pollutant which affects many organs and systems, such as liver, kidney, lung, bones and reproductive system. The male reproductive system is more sensitive to cadmium toxicity than others. The decreased levels of StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD caused by the cadmium exposure lead to the inhibition of steroidogenesis and the reduction of testosterone level. Cadmium exposure induces the apoptosis of germ cells and the ultrastructure changes of organelles, which ultimately damage the function of male reproductive system. The endocrine disorder, imbalance of oxidative stress and the over-activation of apoptotic factors play an important role in the mechanism of cadmium toxicity. Some antioxidants and anti-apoptotic drugs could reduce the toxicity of cadmium to some extent. This paper discusses the effect of cadmium on the male reproductive system, as well as the treatment of cadmium exposure.