低龄儿童龋微生物群落的研究进展

低龄儿童龋（ECC）的发生发展不仅仅是某几种特定致龋菌作用的结果，而是与整个口腔微生物群落的变化有关。在健康的生理状况下，口腔微生物群与宿主间保持着一种动态平衡，共同维系宿主的健康；若这种平衡若遭到破坏，口腔内某些健康的微生物将转变成致病微生物，导致龋病、牙周病和黏膜病等口腔感染性疾病。个体与个体之间，同一个体唾液和牙菌斑之间，微生物种群明显不同。无龋儿童的细菌多样性和复杂性高于重症低龄龋（SECC）儿童，而SECC儿童在龋发生前微生物多样性呈下降趋势，即龋病可能与微生物多样性降低相关。ECC儿童在治疗前后，其微生物群落构成会发生明显改变。益生菌可抑制致龋菌的活性，降低患龋率。了解口腔微生物菌群组的结构和组成，建立不同患龋风险儿童的微生物图谱，控制与管理儿童口腔微生态，ECC的防治将会呈现出一片曙光。

Research progress on oral microbiota of early childhood caries

Not?only?several?selected?bacteria?but?also?oral?microbiota?are?closely?related?to?the?initiation?and?progression?of?early?childhood?caries(ECC).?Oral?microbes?and?the?host?are?in?a?dynamic?balance?in?normal?physiological?conditions;?however,?this?varying?balance?ultimately?determines?oral?infectious?disease.?Microbiota?varies?between?individual,?plaque,?and?saliva.?The?microbial?diversity?of?caries-free?children?is?higher?than?that?of?severe?ECC(SECC)?children,?and?it?decreases?before?caries?appears,?that?is,?the?caries?may?be?associated?with?the?decrease?of?microbial?diversity.?Microbiota?composition?of?SECC?children?significantly?changes?post-therapy.?Probiotics?can?decrease?the?number?of?cariogenic?bacteria?and?prevalence?rate?of?caries.?Learning?more?about?children’s?oral?microbiota?will?provide?higher?predictability?of?ECC?development?and?lead?to?the?implementation?of?targeted?early?intervention.?This?review?focuses?on?recent?microbiological?findings?about?ECC-associated?microbiota.