Status Epilepticus Manifesting as Reversible Wernicke's Aphasia

Ictal aphasia in adults is a rare phenomenon, with the majority of reported cases showing a nonfluent Broca's or mixed aphasic speech pattern associated with disturbances of level of consciousness. There is usually only one prolonged episode of aphasia with evidence of lateralized neurological findings and structural pathology on CAT scan. We describe a patient with intermittent episodes over a 10-year period of a fluent Wernicke's aphasia associated with paroxysmal posterior temporoparietal spike-wave activity on the EEG. Interictally, the patient was clear of neurologic signs and symptoms. These episodes were repeatedly misdiagnosed as psychotic breaks and treated with antipsychotic medication and psychiatric hospitalization. Unless language performance is assessed, these cases of focal epilepsy may be diagnosed as schizophrenic "word-salad," leading to delay of appropriate treatment.