The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Bipolar Disorder and its Common Medical Comorbidities |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States;2. Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States;1. University of Toronto, 100 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada;2. Rotman Research Institute, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada;3. Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden;1. Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;2. Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;1. Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;2. The University of Da Nang - University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Viet Nam;3. PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey;5. School of Mechanical Engineering, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong, Viet Nam;6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, TamilNadu, India;7. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland;8. Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India;1. GPCHEM Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Toruń, Poland;2. CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India;3. National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India;4. CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu, India;5. University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China;3. College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, PR China;4. Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China;5. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China;6. Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia;7. Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan;1. Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;2. Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;4. Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States |
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| Abstract: | Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with significant psychosocial and medical disease burden. Much difficulty has been encountered in developing novel therapeutics and objective biomarkers for clinical use in this population. In that regard, gut-microbial homeostasis appears to modulate several key pathways relevant to a variety of psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Microbial impact on immune, endocrine, endocannabinoid, kynurenine, and other pathways are discussed throughout this review. Emphasis is placed on this system’s relevance to current pharmacology, diet, and comorbid illness in bipolar disorder. Despite the high level of optimism promoted in many reviews on this topic, substantial obstacles exist before any microbiome-related findings can provide meaningful clinical utility. Beyond a comprehensive overview of pathophysiology, this review hopes to highlight several key areas where progress is needed. As well, novel microbiome-associated suggestions are presented for future research. |
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| Keywords: | Microbiome Bipolar Disorder Metabolic Syndrome Inflammation Endocrine Kynurenine |
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