山东省城乡中学生艾滋病知识态度行为及需求调查

目的了解山东省城乡中学生艾滋病知识掌握情况和相关态度行为,为确定重点教育内容和宣教方法提供依据。方法采用多级分层整群抽样方法,选取济南、烟台、泰安、临沂4市城乡高、初中各1所共16所学校进行问卷调查。结果共调查3360名中学生,城市、农村高中及城市、农村初中艾滋病知识总体知晓率分别为64.8%、57.9%、56.4%、48.0%,城乡高中之间(P<0.01)、城乡初中之间(P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义。4类学校传播途径知晓率最高(70.9%～79.8%),非预防方法知晓率最低(21.0%～43.4%),城乡差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。城乡中学生对HIV感染者/AIDS患者存在较为严重歧视,对艾滋病流行认识不够,知识来源多为大众媒体,对艾滋病知识有强烈需求。结论中学,特别是农村中学是预防艾滋病健康教育工作的薄弱环节,应切实加强各级学校健康教育,重点对学生掌握较差的基本知识、无偿献血知识、非预防方法、非传播途径等进行宣传,普及艾滋病知识,提高学生知晓率。

Survey on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Urban and Rural Middle School Students About AIDS in Shandong Province and Their Demands

Objective To understand the basic status of knowledge, attitude and practice related to AIDS of students in urban and rural middle schools in Shandong province and to provide scientific bases for confirming emphases of contents and methods of health education. Methods 16 schools including 8 urban and rural senior high schools,8 urban and rural junior high schools in Jinan, Yantai, Taian and Linyi city were investigated through multistage stratified cluster sampling. An anonymous and self-administered KAP questionnaire was used. Results 3 360 middle school students were investigated. The knowing rate of knowledge about AIDS of students in urban and rural senior high schools, urban and rural junior high schools was 64.8%,57.9%,56.4% and 48.0%, respectively.There was a significant difference in knowing rate between the urban and rural senior high schools(P<0.01) and between the urban and rural junior high schools(P<0.001).The knowing rate of spread routes of AIDS was the highest(70.9%-79.8%) and the knowing rate of non-prevention methods of AIDS was the lowest (21.0%-43.4%). There was a significant difference (P<0.001) in knowing rate between the urban and rural middle schools. Middle school students discriminated against HIV-infected and AIDS patients seriously and they had strong demands for acquiring knowledge about AIDS. Conclusions The knowing rate of knowledge about AIDS of students in urban and rural middle schools was low. We must strengthen the health education of AIDS in all schools, especially in rural schools, to promote the knowing rate of knowledge about AIDS of students.The emphases of education contents should be laid on the basic conceptions, non-prevention methods and non-prevalence approaches of AIDS,et al.