天津地区变应性鼻炎患儿吸入性变应原的流行病学特征分析

目的　分析天津地区变应性鼻炎患儿吸入性变应原检测结果，了解变应性鼻炎患儿常见吸入性变应原及其分布规律。方法　应用德国Mediwiss公司敏筛变应原检测系统（Allergy Screen）测定血清中相应变应原特异性免疫球蛋白E（specific immunoglobulin E，sIgE）。根据性别、年龄、季节分层，描述吸入性变应原的分布特征。结果　天津地区变应性鼻炎患儿最常见的吸入性变应原为混合霉菌（52.35%），其次是户尘螨（35.88%）、狗毛皮屑（24.31%）、猫毛皮屑（15.10%）。单一变应原阳性（59.03%）最常见，其次为双重变应原阳性（25.88%）。分组研究显示，男性患儿吸入性变应原阳性率大于女性患儿；婴幼儿期患儿吸入性变应原阳性率明显低于学龄前期、学龄期、青春期患儿，夏秋季变应性鼻炎患儿吸入性变应原阳性率明显高于冬春两季，以上差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论　混合霉菌，户尘螨，狗、猫毛皮屑是天津地区变应性鼻炎患儿最常见的吸入性变应原。吸入性变应原阳性率在性别、年龄、季节分布上都存在一定规律。

Epidemiological characteristics of inhalational allergen in children with allergic rhinitis in Tianjin

OBJECTIVE To analyze the results of the inhalational allergen detection in children with allergic rhinitis in Tianjin, and to understand the common allergens and their distribution.METHODS Mediwiss (Screen Allergy) was used to determine the specificity of allergen specific IgE in serum. According to sex, age, season, the distribution of allergens was described.RESULTS The most common inhalant allergens in Tianjin were mixed fungus(52.35%), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(35.88%), dog dander(24.31%), cat dander(15.10%). The positive single allergen(59.03%) was most common, followed by positive double allergens(25.88%); The positive rate of the boy with inhalation allergen was higher than that of the girl; The positive rate of the inhalation allergen in the infant stage was significantly lower than that in the preschool, the school age, and the adolescent; In summer, the inhaled allergens positive rate was significantly higher than that in winter and spring, above differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Mixed fungus, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dog and cat dander are the most common inhalant allergens in children with AR in Tianjin area. The positive rate of allergens has certain regularity in sex, age and season.