紫菀、款冬及其配伍的毒性及药效学研究

目的：观察紫菀、款冬水煎液单用及配伍后的毒性及止咳、祛痰、平喘作用的影响,探讨二者配伍关系。方法：急性毒性实验采用小鼠口服给药后测定半数致死量（LD50）或最大给药量（MTD）;肝损伤实验在紫菀及款冬单味药30g/kg、配伍60g/kg下连续给药15d后测定肝重系数,血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和肝组织匀浆液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）的含量及肝脏病理组织学检查。通过小鼠氨水及SO2引咳、气管酚红排泌、家鸽气管纤毛运动及豚鼠离体气管条收缩实验观察药物的止咳、祛痰、平喘作用。结果：紫菀的LD50为54.1g/kg,能够显著升高血清及肝匀浆中各项生化指标的含量和肝重系数,导致肝组织形态明显改变。款冬的最大耐受量为136g/kg。配伍后紫菀引起的肝损伤显著减轻。单味药和配伍均有减少小鼠氨水和SO2引咳次数,促进气管酚红排泌,延长气管纤毛墨汁移动距离,缓解组胺及乙酰胆碱所致气管痉挛的作用,配伍后作用更强。结论：紫菀水煎液口服有较强的急性毒性和致肝损伤作用。紫菀与款冬配伍后毒性降低,符合相畏、相杀配伍关系。紫菀及款冬配伍后能够显著提高止咳、祛痰、平喘作用,亦符合相须、相使配伍关系。

Toxicity of Radix Asteris, Flos Farfarae and their combination

AIM:This study was undertaken to investigate the toxicity and pharmacological effects of Radix Asteris(RA),Flos Farfarae(FF)and the mixture of RA and FF(1:1,w/w)with a view to analyzing the relation of compatibility between RA and FF.METHODS:Acute toxicity effects were measured by experimental data of half-lethal dose(LD50)or maximal tolerated dose(MTD)of mice.Hepatic injury effects were measured by experimental data of coefficient of liver,levels of ALT and AKP in serum and those of LDH and AKP in liver homogenate tissue of mice.Histopathologic examination of mice liver was also carried out.The anti-tussive,anti-asthmatic and expectorant effects were observed by concentrated ammonia method in mice,SO2 method in mice,phenolsulfonphthalein excretion volume in mice,trachea cilia movement of pigeon in vivo and the contraction of tracheal strips of guinea pig in vitro.RESULTS:LD50 of RA was 54.1 g/kg for mice.RA obviously increased the levels of ALP and AKP in serum and those of LDH and AKP in liver homogenate tissue of mice,and significantly injured the liver's tissue.MTD of FF was 136 g/kg for mice,about 755.6 times as clinical dose.The combinative group obviously degraded the injuries on liver of mice comparing with RA groups.Compared with two individual drugs,the mixture played a more prominent role in reducing tussive times caused by ammonia and SO2 in mice,promoting phenolsulfonphthalein excretion of mice and trachea cilia movement of pigeon in vivo disengaging the contraction of tracheal strips of guinea pig in vitro.CONCLUSION:The mixed RA with FF can significantly lower the toxicity of RA and strengthen pharmacological effect of two individual drugs,indicating that the mixture of RA and FF is provided with detoxicant and mutual promotion effect.