医院感染187例流行病学调查

 目的 研究医院感染病例的临床流行病学特征,为有效的控制医院感染提供依据.方法 对2005年出院的4 840例病例进行临床流行病学调查.结果 医院感染发生率3.86%,医院感染人群以年龄＞60岁者最多,占31.02%;感染发生时间以7月份最多;感染率前3名的科室为肿瘤科、移植科和血液科;感染部位主要以呼吸道感染为主,其中下呼吸道最多占28.34%,其次是切口感染占15.51%、泌尿道感染占12.30%;医院感染病原菌革兰阴性菌占40.44%,革兰阳性菌占32.00%,真菌占27.56%;抗菌药物使用率98.93 %.结论 医院感染控制的重点人群是老年患者、肿瘤患者和移植手术患者,夏季应加强消毒管理,合理使用抗菌药,从而减少医院感染的发生.

Study on clinical epidemiology of nosocomial infection in 187 cases

Objective To study the clinical epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infection,thereby providing basis for controlling nosocomial infection.Methods 4 840 patients discharged from this hospital between January and December 2005 were retrospectively surveyed.Results With a total nosocomial infection rate of 3.86%,the infection occurred mainly in respiratory tract(28.34%),incisions(15.51%),and urrnary tract(12.30%);Departments of Oncology,Organ Transplmtation,and Hematology as the three with highest infection rate;patients over 60 years of age(31.02%);and in 98.93% of 113 patients receiving antibiotics.The pathogens of nosocomial infection were gram-negative bacteria(40.44%),gram-positive bacteria(32.00%),and fungi(27.56%).Conclusions The key populations for control of nosocomial infection are old patients,tumour patients and transplant operation patients.We should emphasize disinfection and sterilization,especially in summer,and rational use of antibiotics.