病原真菌外排转运蛋白与真菌耐药的研究进展

病原真菌通过对抗机体防御系统和抗真菌药物的攻击,从而成功定植于宿主体内并最终导致机体感染,真菌外排转运蛋白在上述过程中起着重要作用,主要包括ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ATP-binding cassette transporters,ABC)与主要易化子超家族(the major facilitator super family,MFS),分别通过与ATP水解酶或质子梯度耦合来运输并清除真菌胞内的毒性物质。与其它生物相比,真菌基因组中具有更多转运蛋白家族编码基因,这些转运蛋白不仅对真菌致病过程中所产生的代谢产物和宿主细胞分泌的抗菌成分起外排作用;同时,在病原真菌对抗临床抗真菌药物中也发挥着重要作用。本文就这两个超家族的转运蛋白在主要病原真菌耐药性中所发挥的作用进行综述。

The progress of research on efflux pumps in pathogenic fungi and drug resistant

Only after overcoming both the host defenses system and antifungal treatment,maybe the pathogenic fungi can successfully maintain its colonization and eventually lead to the infection of the host.Efflux pumps in fungi play an important role in this process,mainly including the ATP-binding cassette(ABC) pumps and the major facilitator superfamily(MFS) transporters.Through coupling transport with ATP hydrolysis or a proton gradient respectively,they can transport and remove the intracellular toxic chemicals.Compared with other organisms,fungi have more coding genes of transporter families.These transporters of pathogenic fungi can export the compounds produced in the process of pathogenesis and antimicrobial components secreted by the host cell,meanwhile they also play an important role in resistance of the pathogenic fungi against clinical antifungals.In this review,we discussed the role of these two superfamily transporters in resistance of main pathogenic fungi.