中国省会市女生月经初潮年龄的地域分布及变化趋势

目的 分析我国省会城市女生月经初潮年龄及1991年来变化趋势。方法 利用2000年和1991年全国学生体质健康调研数据，用概率单位回归法计算初潮平均年龄(MMA)。结果 2000年城市女生MMA为12．63岁，乡村女生为13．02岁，城市比乡村提前约0．39岁；各地区群体问有差异，华北较早，华东、中南、西南和东北次之，西北较晚；2000年城、乡女生MMA分别比：1991年提前0．16和0．3l岁。结论 我国少女月经初潮发生城市早于乡村，经济发达地区早于欠发达地区；城乡少女月经初潮均表现提前趋势，尤以乡村明显。

Geographic Distribution and Secular Shift of Menarcheal Age of Chinese Girls in Provincial Capitals

Objective To analyze characteristics of menarcheal age in provincial capital girls in China, and to compare the median menarcheal ages (MMAs) of girls between 2000 and 1991. Methods Status quo method and probit analysis were used to calculate MMAs in various population of Chinese girls, which were randomly selected from 30 Chinese provincial capitals. Results MMAs were 12.63 and 13.02 years for urban and rural girls, respectively.These estimates were 0.16 and 0.31 years lower than that of urban and rural girls in 1991.MMAs of the girls living in the northwest of China were higher than girls living in other areas. Conclusions The onset of menarche is generally earlier in urban than in rural areas, and large variation can be found among different geographic areas.These variations may be related to economic conditions.Significant decline trend of menarcheal age can be found in the Chinese girls, especially in the rural area.