The value of customised centiles in assessing perinatal mortality risk associated with parity and maternal size

Objective  We wanted to compare customised and population standards for defining smallness for gestational age (SGA) in the assessment of perinatal mortality risk associated with parity and maternal size.
Design  Population-based cohort study.
Setting  Sweden.
Population  Swedish Birth Registry database 1992–1995 with 354 205 complete records.
Method  Coefficients were derived and applied to determine SGA by the fully customised method, or by adjustment for fetal sex only, and using the same fetal weight standard.
Main outcome measure  Perinatal deaths and rates of small for gestational age (SGA) babies within subgroups stratified by parity, body mass index (BMI) and maternal size within the BMI range of 20.0–24.9.
Results  Perinatal mortality rates (PMR) had a U-shaped distribution in parity groups, increased proportionately with maternal BMI, and had no association with maternal size within the normal BMI range. For each of these subgroups, SGA rates determined by the customised method showed strong association with the PMR. In contrast, SGA based on uncustomised, population-based centiles had poor correlation with perinatal mortality. The increased perinatal mortality risk in pregnancies of obese mothers was associated with an increased risk of SGA using customised centiles, and a decreased risk of SGA using population-based centiles.
Conclusion  The use of customised centiles to determine SGA improves the identification of pregnancies which are at increased risk of perinatal death.