乐观主义、悲观主义与自尊

目的探讨乐观主义、悲观主义、积极情绪、消极情绪与自尊的关系。方法以397名大学生为被试,用生活取向测验、积极和消极情感量表和Rosenberg自尊量表进行问卷调查。结果①乐观主义与积极情绪(r=0.11,P<0.05)和自尊(r=0.29,P<0.001)显著正相关,与消极情绪(r=-0.17,P<0.01)显著负相关;悲观主义与消极情绪(r=0.13,P<0.05)显著正相关,与自尊(r=-0.22,P<0.001)显著负相关;②积极情绪(β=0.042)和消极情绪(β=0.048)在乐观主义与自尊之间的关系中起部分中介作用,而悲观主义直接对自尊起作用(β=-0.11,t=-2.73,P<0.01)。结论乐观主义有着良好的心理收益,乐观主义和悲观主义都能直接影响自尊,乐观主义还能通过积极和消极情绪的部分中介作用间接影响自尊。

Relationship between Optimism,Pessimism and Self-esteem

Objective To explore the relationships between optimism,pessimism,positive affect,negative affection and self-esteem.Methods A total of 397 college students were investigated by the Life Orientation Test,Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale.Results ①The optimism had significantly positive correlation with positive affection（r=0.11,P〈0.05） and self-esteem（r=0.29,P〈0.001）,and negative correlation with negative affect（r=-0.17,P〈0.01）.Pessimism had significantly positive correlation with negative affection（r=0.13,P〈0.05）,and negative correlation with selfesteem（r=-0.22,P〈0.001）.②Positive（β=0.042） and negative affection（β=0.048） played a partially mediating role between optimism and self-esteem.Pessimism exerted a direct effect on self-esteem（β=-0.11,t=-2.73,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Optimism has substantial psychological benefits.Optimism and pessimism can affect selfesteem directly.Optimism can also affect self-esteem indirectly through the partially mediating effect of positive-negative affection.