上海市浦东新区自动售水机卫生状况及影响因素分析

[目的]了解自动售水机选址与外表卫生状况，为改善自动售水机卫生现状提出建议。[方法]以上海市浦东新区辖区内所有的自动售水机为对象，随机抽取236台对其选址、遮雨棚设置、机器外表整洁及完整与否、出水口防护门、出水管口及取水凹口周壁等内容开展卫生学调查。[结果]调查结果表明，17．37％的自动售水机设置点周围10m范围内存在污染源；11．44％的自动售水机设置点周围地面排水不畅，有积水；2．54％的自动售水机未安装防护门和8．47％的自动售水机防护门已损坏不能正常使用；30．93％的自动售水机器外表存在各种污迹，同时有2．12％的受调查机器外壳已破损；受调查自动售水机的出水管口、取水凹口顶壁、内侧壁的细菌总数、霉菌、大肠菌群的检出率分别为78．81％、39．41％、48．30％；75．85％、81．78％、90．68％和21．19％、5．93％、15．25％。同时，保持自动售水机周边环境整洁、设置取水凹口防护门并保持正常运作、出水管外套有套管对减少或减轻上述部位的污染有着显著的意义。[结论]自动售水机经营单位应加强设备管理，注意维护设备的外表整洁，定期对取水凹口周壁、出水管口进行清洗、消毒；同时，要注意保持设备周边环境的整洁，并应在设备上加装取水凹口防护门、出水管套管等装置，维护其正常运作和洁净。

Current Situation of the Surface Hygiene of the Automatic Water Vending Machine and Its Influencing Factors in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

To find out the current situation of the location selection and surface hygiene of the automatic water vending machine, and to provide recommendations for improving the hygienic status. [ Method ] All of the 236 automatic water vending machines in Pudong New Area were randomly selected as survey objects, and the location, rain shelter, surface hygiene, outlet protective door, hygiene situation of the drainage notch and surrounding wall were surveyed. [ Results ] There were 17.37% of the automatic water vending machines located within 10m away from pollution source. There was splashed water on the ground around 11.44% of the automatic water vending machines because of poor drainage, 2.54% of the automatic water vending machines did not installed with protective door and 8.47% of the automatic water vending machines with protective door damaged. There was a variety of dirty stains on the machine surface among 30.93% of those machines surveyed, and 2.12% of their covers were damaged. The detection rate for total bacteria, mold, coliform of the samples from the water vending machine outlet pipe mouth was 78.81%, 39.41%, 48.30%, and for top wall and inner wall of the notch were 75.85%, 81.78%, 90.68% and 21.19%, 5.93%, 15.25% respectively. Meanwhile, maintenance to keeping clean and neat of the surrounding circumstances, adequate protective door for the operationable notch, and consolidate outlet casing pipe tO prevent the facility against pollution are paramount important. [ Conclusion ] The water vending corporation should strengthen management of the equipment, maintain the machine surface clean, regularly clean and sterilize the water notch and outlet. At the same time, it is also very important to keep the surrounding circumstance neat, install notch protective door and outlet casing pipe, and keep the equipment in an adequate and clean manner.