徐汇区建筑工人性病艾滋病及安全套使用知信行状况分析

目的]了解建筑工地工人性病艾滋病（STDs／AIDS）及安全套的知识、态度及行为，为开展健康教育提供指导依据。方法]采取整群随机抽样的方法，对上海市徐汇区6个建筑工地的620名建筑工人进行问卷调查，主要包括性病艾滋病的知识、态度和安全套的认识及使用等内容。结果]在性病艾滋病知识、态度及行为方面，有关“性病是可预防的”、“与艾滋病病人不用安全套的性行为可以传播艾滋病毒”、“感染艾滋病病毒的孕妇可以将病毒传染给胎儿”及“艾滋病病毒携带者可能会看起来很健康”等问题的回答正确率较高，在79．9％～96．76％之间。但对于几个关于感染途径的问题（如与艾滋病人握手，共用毛巾、马桶，接吻，咳嗽及昆虫叮咬等），大多数人存在错误认识，回答正确率仅为4．60％～35．9％。在安全套的认识和使用方面，有关安全套的正确使用方法，仅有11．11％的人知道用食用油或凡士林作为安全套润滑剂会导致安全套破裂，27．21％的人知道戴安全套时应该把顶部小囊中的空气挤掉，29．47％的人知道在把安全套戴上阴茎之前，安全套不应该被完全展开。发生商业性性行为时，61．10％的人会选择使用安全套，但与配偶或情人发生性关系时，仅有不到25％的人使用安全套。结论]建筑工人多数来自农村，文化程度较低，大多居住在建筑工地，与外界相对隔绝，对性病艾滋病知识比较缺乏，安全套的认识及使用率较低，应采取有针对性的宣教方式，加强对建筑工人相关防治知识的宣传及安全套的推广使用，使性病艾滋病防治知识得以提高。

Survey on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about STD/AIDS and Condom Using among Construction Workers in Xuhui District, Shanghai

Objective ] To study the knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） about sex transmitted diseases and AIDS（STD/AIDS） and condom using among construction workers in Xuhui District, and to provide basic data and instructions for developing health education. Methods ] By cluster sampling, 620 construction workers employed by six construction sites in Xuhui district were investigated. Questionnaire included ＂the knowledge, attitude of STD/AIDS＂, ＂understanding and using of condoms＂ and other aspects. Results ] In the STDs/AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior, such as ＂sexually transmitted diseases are preventable＂, ＂sex with AIDS patients without using condom can spread HIV＂, ＂HIV-infected pregnant women can transmit the virus to the fetus＂ and ＂HIV carriers may look healthy＂, the correct answer rate was 79.9%-96.76%. While most people had misconceptions about several issues on the routes of infection, such as shaking hands with AIDS patients, sharing towels, toilet, kissing, coughing, insect bites, etc. and the correct answer rate was only 4.6%-35.9%. The condom using rate was 24.7% or 22.7% when sex was made with their spouses or lovers, however, 61.1% of them chose to use condoms in commercial sex. Conclusion ] The findings suggest there is an urgent need towards the construction workers for HIV/STD prevention programs that includes the protection, clarification of transmission routes and the chance to be infected with STD. The new immigrants should become the focus of attention.