超声引导下肾上盏径路经皮肾镜碎石术治疗鹿角形结石疗效及安全性分析

目的总结超声引导下肾上盏径路经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析193例应用超声引导肾上盏径路PCNL治疗鹿角形结石的患者资料。193例均为鹿角形复杂结石(完全鹿角形结石74例,不完全鹿角形结石119例,结石长径2.5~9.0 cm),均完成超声引导下对后组上盏穿刺,其中十二肋下径路70例(36.3%),十一肋间径路123例(63.7%)。统计并分析手术清石时间、清石率及术后并发症。结果一期手术时间平均70 min(45~150 min),采用单一肾上盏通道186例,需另外建立经皮肾通道7例。一期碎石清石率72.0%(139/193),二期清石率88.1%(170/193)。术后输血6例,需选择性肾动脉栓塞止血2例。胸腔积液4例,2例需闭式引流。术后发热20例,无感染性休克及不良预后发生。无肺脏及其他内脏损伤。结论后组肾上盏径路的PCNL视野范围广,输尿管镜活动度大,碎石速度快、清石率高,对于鹿角形结石是一种安全有效的方法,值得临床治疗鹿角形结石选择性使用。

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided upper-pole access percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal staghorn calculi

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided upper-pole access percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） for the treatment of renal staghorn calculi. Methods From October 2008 to July 2012,193 cases of renal staghorn calculi treated with ultrasound-guided upper-pole access PCNL were reviewed. Among the 193 cases,74 cases were complete staghorn calculi while the other 119 cases were partial staghorn calculi, and the calculi diameter was 2. 5 to 9. 0 cm. All the 193 cases were treated through upper-pole ac-cess successfully,70 accesses were accomplished below the 12th rib,while the other 123 accesses were accomplished between the 11th adn 12th rib. Disintegration of the stone was accomplished using Holmium laser. Results The mean operative time was 70 min （45-150 min）, single tract was used in 186 cases, and double tracts were used in the other 7 cases. The stone clearance rate for one session was 72. 0%（139/193）,and the total stone clearance rate was 88. 1%（170/193）. Transfusion was required in 6 patients, while 2 patients with signifi-cant bleeding were treated with selective renal arterial embolization. Hydrothorax occured in 4 patients, and closed thoracic drainage was re-quired in 2 of them. 20 patients had fever, and they recovered after effective antibiotic treatment. No patients had injury to the lung or other viscera. Conclusion Upper-pole access offers optimal visibility and convenience for rigid ureteroscope to achieve a high rate of stone-free status and operating time reduce. Ultrasound guided upper-pole access PCNL should be attempted in selected cases of renal staghorn stone.